What these examples illustrate is that a particular Trajector (TR) can, in conjunction with a particular Landmark (LM), affect the interpretation of a preposition. On one hand, the interpretation ascribed to the sentence in (1) is that the LM, the bowl, contains or surrounds the TR, the fruit. On the other hand, in (2) the conventional interpretation is that the TR, the crack, constitutes a fla...

Along with using geometric information to define spatial terms such as “in”, Coventry and Garrod (2004) have proposed the use of dynamic-kinematic (DK) routines which relate to how two objects interact (kinematic) over time (dynamic). For the spatial description, “The penny is in the bowl,” the penny is contained by a bounding box around the bowl as well as the DK location-control routine that ...

If depicted objects visually remain where they are, but are linguistically described as moving to new locations (‘onto the table’), subsequent reference to them directs attention to their new locations. But, do these attentional shifts depend on updated spatial screen coordinates, or new object associations? We investigated situations wherein depicted containers moved between spatial locations ...

This study highlights the level of microbial contamination of waterpipe components in selected area of Saudi Arabia and the resistance of selected bacteria to different antibiotics was determined. A series of biochemical tests, microscopic examination, and screening on Vitek 2 compact (bioMérieux Inc., USA) system were done to characterize the bacterial isolates. Out of 132 samples investigated...

About the Community Anchorage is a combined city-county government that covers Alaska's largest and most important metropolitan area. The combined municipality covers almost 2,000 square miles and has a population of over 280,000. Some 220,000 people live in the " Anchorage Bowl " – the urban area on the Anchorage peninsula that is cut off from the rest of the municipality by geography, militar...