There is a growing discussion about the possibility of arsenic mitigation measures in Bengal and similar areas leading to undesirable substitution of water-borne-pathogen attributable risks pathogens for risks attributable to arsenic, in part because of uncertainties in relative pathogen concentrations in supplied and end-use water. We try to resolve this discussion, by assessing the relative c...

Small rodents serve as reservoir hosts for tick-borne pathogens, such as the spirochetes causing Lyme disease. Whether natural coinfections with other macroparasites alter the success of tick feeding, antitick immunity, and the host's reservoir competence for tick-borne pathogens remains to be determined. In a parasitological survey of wild mice in Berlin, Germany, approximately 40% of Ixodes r...

background and aims: despite the screening of blood donors, blood transfusion represents an ideal port of entry for blood-borne infection. blood-borne pathogen transmission has been a concern since the earliest days of transfusion. the blood product of platelet (plt) concentrates is still faced with the risk of bacterial and viral contaminations. pathogen inactivation technologies offer a proac...

food borne viral infections are recognized increasingly as human illneses. hepatitis a virus (hav) is an important pathogen which has been responsible for water and many food – borne outbreeks especially milk . in this study for approaching to best diagnosis method of hav in milk by elisa technique, various dilutions of hav antigen (1 ml/l, 10-3 ml/l, 10-6 ml/l, 10-9 ml/l) were added to uht mil...

The objective of our study was to explain the histopathological changes of monodon baculovirus (MBV) in hepatopancreas and midgut tissues of the cultured Penaeus vannamei. Five-hundred and forty juvenile of P. vannamei with average size of 7.99±0.54 g and 3600 post larvae 10-15 were distributed to 18 glass aquariums (50×50×60cm) with 100L well aerated water per each aquarium as water borne MBV ...

BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) exhibits unique characteristics as an intracellular human pathogen. It causes both acute and chronic infection with various disease manifestations in the human host only. The principal factors underlying the unique lifestyle of motility and biofilm forming ability of S. Typhi remain largely unknown. The main objective of this study was to ...

We have repeatedly detected Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, a bacterium first described in Rattus norvegicus rats and Ixodes ovatus ticks in Japan in 2004 in the blood of a 61-year-old man with signs of septicemia by 16S rRNA and groEL gene PCR. After 6 weeks of therapy with doxycycline and rifampin, the patient recovered.

ITALIC! Rickettsia raoultiiis a tick-associated spotted fever group (SFG) organism, causing scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy after tick bite (SENLAT) in humans. We report here the genome sequence of ITALIC! R. raoultiistrain Khabarovsk(T)(CSUR R3(T), ATCC VR-1596(T)), which was isolated from a ITALIC! Dermacentor silvarumtick collected in Russia.

Vaccines that target blood-feeding disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, have the potential to protect against the many diseases caused by vector-borne pathogens. We tested the ability of an anti-tick vaccine derived from a tick cement protein (64TRP) of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus to protect mice against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) transmitted by infected Ixodes ricinus tick...

In the past 25 years, Listeria monocytogenes has become increasingly important as a food-associated pathogen. Most European Union countries have an annual incidence of human listeriosis of between two and ten reported cases per million. Because of its high case fatality rate, listeriosis ranks among the most frequent causes of death due to food-borne illness. Listeria monocytogenes infections a...