Leishmania infection in immunocompromised hosts is reported in the literature, mostly concerning human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. It is not well characterized in the context of stem cell transplantation. We report a rare case clinical case of visceral leishmaniasis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A 50-year-old Caucasian male was referred to allogeneic bone marrow tr...

Bone marrow transplantation is an accepted therapy for hematologic malignancies, aplastic anemia, metabolic disorders, and solid tumors. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and failure of engraftment have limited the widespread application of this technology to nonmalignant disease states. The use of purified bone marrow stem cells has been suggested as an approach to promote engraftment ...

Autoimmune diseases are an important field for the development of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The Brazilian Society Cellular Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation (Sociedade Brasileira de Terapia Celular e Transplante Medula Óssea, SBTMO) organized consensus meetings Diseases Group, to review available literature on HSCT autoimmune diseases, aiming gather data that support...

Autologous stem cell transplantation involves the reinfusion of the patient’s own stem cells, previously harvested and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, to reconstitute the haematopoietic cell function after the administration of high-dose therapy. The infused stem cells are obtained from the patient’s bone marrow or peripheral blood at a time when the marrow displays minimal or no disease infi...

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) refers to a procedure in which hematopoietic stem cells are infused to restore bone marrow function in cancer patients who receive bone-marrowtoxic doses of cytotoxic drugs, with or without whole body radiation therapy. Stem cells may be obtained from the transplant recipient (autologous HSCT) or can be harvested from a donor (allogeneic HSCT). Ste...

The introduction of peripheral stem cell (PSC) and cord blood (CB) as an alternative to bone marrow (BM) recently has caused important changes on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) practice. According to the CIBMTR data, there has been a significant decrease in the use of bone marrow and increase in the use of PSC and CB as the stem cell source for HSCT performed during 1997-2006 pe...

We present a case of life-threatening Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with severe hepatitis that was successfully treated by allogeneic stem cell transplantation from an unrelated donor. A 26-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with a high fever and liver dysfunction. Laboratory tests, including bone marrow aspiration, revealed severe HLH that oc...

Fanconi anemia (AF) is a hereditary genetic disease characterized by developmental abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, hypersensitivity to alkylating agents, and tendency hematological solid tumors throughout life. The only curative option in the treatment of failure patients with AF allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). There are no detailed descriptions a...

It took exactly 100 years from the original discovery of the blood for-mation within the bone marrow until the first successful clinical bone marrow transplantation has been performed. Today, the transplantation of hematopoieticstem cells from various sources, such as bone marrow, mobilized stem cells aswell as umbilical cord blood has become a routine procedure, reaching currently<...