The Computer Aided Modeling Program (CAMP-G) is a Bond Graph Modeling tool designed to make physical system models in graphical form and to generate systems of equations in source code form so that computer simulation programs and now MATLAB can analyze dynamic systems. Current technology allows the creation of system models using CAMP-G and performing simulations using general purpose simulati...

The reaction of fluorinated 1,6- and 1,7-enynes, containing the moiety N(PG)C(CF(3))(CO(2)R), with diazo compounds in the presence of [RuCl(cod)(Cp*)] (cod=cycloocta-1,5-diene, Cp*=C(5)Me(5) , PG=protecting group) as the catalyst precursor leads to the formation of fluorinated 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylates and 4-azabicyclo-[4.1.0]heptane-3-carboxylates. This catalytic transformation ...

Harold Vernon first introduced acrylic polymers as denture base materials in 1937. A survey showed that 33% of denture repairs were to restore debonded teeth.1 Factors that affect the bonding of acrylic resin teeth to the denture base are dewaxing procedures, residual wax on ridge laps of teeth,2 and careless application separating media like sodium alginate to the teeth, leading to contaminati...

background and aims: we aimed to assess the bond strength of composite resin to three pulp capping biomaterials; proroot mineral trioxide aggregate (pmta), root mta (rmta) and calcium enriched mixture (cem), using three bonding systems [a total etch (single bond) and two self-etch systems (protect bond and se bond)]. materials and methods: ninety acrylic moulds containing a 6×2 mm hole were div...

introduction: the aim of this study was to compare the micro-shear bond strength of composite resin on superficial and deep dentin after conditioning with phosphoric acid and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser. methods: thirty human molars were selected, roots were removed and crowns were bisected to provide a total of 60 half-crowns. specimens were ground to expose superficial...

When a chemical bond is broken in a direct dissociation reaction, the process is so rapid that it has generally been considered instantaneous and thus unmeasurable. However, the bond does persist for times on the order of 10(-13) seconds after the photon has been absorbed. Femtosecond (10(-15) second) laser techniques can be used to directly clock this process, which describes the dynamics of t...

Surface physical changes (disorder and/or damage) due to femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation are observed in a new regime of extremely low laser fluence (,1023 of the single shot damage fluence) and large number of laser shots (.1010). No bulk damage was detected. The surface disorder is reversible by thermal annealing at 580 ±C. We propose a new mechanism for femtosecond laser-induced surface...

We derive an exact representation of the exchange-correlation energy within density functional theory (DFT) which spawns a class of approximations leading to correct long-range asymptotic behavior. Using a simple approximation, we develop an electronic structure theory that combines a new local correlation energy (based on Monte Carlo calculations applied to the homogeneous electron gas) and a ...