The viewing of this problem is the key moment in the theory of a chemical bond. I convert attention of the reader that the material enunciated in this chapter, completely is property of new physics (chemistry). The official science in the theory of a chemical bond prolongs to be carried with electronic "clouds", however, terming them already by "orbitals". The interaction of atoms is explained ...

correlated self-ratings of emotion with the nations’ socio-economic and cultural characteristics. In spite of the complexities and difficulties involved in differentiating culture from social structure, we will try to test the competing effects of social structure (i.e. socio-economic development) and culture (i.e. value’s syndrome) on emotional experience. The value of predicting cross-nationa...

When two phases of water are at equilibrium, the ratio of hydrogen isotopes in each is slightly altered because of their different phase affinities. This isotopic fractionation process can be utilized to analyze water's movement in the world's climate. Here we show that equilibrium fractionation ratios, an entirely quantum mechanical property, also provide a sensitive probe to assess the magnit...

We explore theoretically the ultrafast transfer of a double electron hole between the functional groups of glycine after K-shell ionization and subsequent Auger decay. Although a large energy gap of about 15 eV initially exists between the two electronic states involved and coherent electronic dynamics play no role in the hole transfer, we find that the double hole is transferred within 3 to 4 ...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term bond strengths of dentin adhesive systems, which include one-step self-etch adhesive systems (Optibond All-in-one, Kerr; Adper Prompt L-POP, 3 M ESPE), a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Optibond FL, Kerr) and two-step self-etch adhesive (AdheSE Bond, Ivoclar), applied to pulp chamber dentin surfaces after 12-month water storage ...

Elemental sulfur (S8) was found to react with [(TMPA)CuI(CH3CN)]+ to form the trans-mu-1,2 end-on disulfide complex [(TMPA)Cu-S-S-Cu(TMPA)]2+. The X-ray structure of this centrosymmetric disulfide complex shows a Cu(1)-S(1) bond length of 2.280(2) A and a S(1)-S(1A) bond length of 2.044(4) A.

In this work, the strength of cold roll bond of the commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) sheet and the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on bond strength was investigated. Through the accumulative roll bonding process, which is considered among the important severe plastic deformation processes, the creation of suitable bonds plays a significance role in the ultimate strength of the bond. Thus, resear...

Background and Aim: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation has been suggested as an effective method of cavity preparation and surface treatment to enhance the bond strength. The aim of this study was to assess the microshear bond strength of Fuji II LC glass ionomer (GI) cement to primary dentin following bur preparation and Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental stu...

Introduction: To evaluate and compare shear bond strength of self-cure and  light-cure composites using a universal bonding system. Materials and Methods: Superficial coronal dentin of 62 intact extracted  premolars was exposed and bonding agent (All-Bond Universal) was applied over the  dentin surface according to the manufacturer instruction (self-etch mode). Then  samples were distribut...