Contingency tables are widely used in many fields to analyze the relationship or infer the association between two or more variables. Indeed, due to their simplicity and ease, they are one of the first methods used to analyze gathered data. Typically, the construction of contingency tables from source data is considered straightforward since all data is supposed to be aggregated at a single par...

Digital signatures are by far the most prominent mechanisms to detect violations of integrity. When signing rights are delegated, the integrity protection is gradually weaker as the delegatee’s actions are not considered integrity violations. Taken to an extreme, delegating the right to undetectably change everything to everyone will achieve a property called contingency. Contingency was introd...

Projects require budgets to set the sponsor’s financial commitment and provide the basis for cost control and measurement of cost performance. A key component of a project budget is cost contingency. This paper reviews the traditional approach of estimating project cost contingency by means of a percentage addition to the base estimate and analyses its many conceptual flaws. Over the past decad...

artery sclerosis. Many of the patients also showed an elevated blood uric level, thus further emphasizing the variety of metabolic derangements involved in this important disease. The role of habits and certain life situations in the genesis of coronary heart disease could not be ascertained from the authors' data. The coronary heart disease group did consume more tobacco than the control group...

It is interesting that the last decade has seen a revival of interest in the most fundamental of all biological problems, that of organization. This book is a new attempt to solve this problem. Beginning with a critique of the difficulties inherent in the experimental approach to living beings and the statement of a conviction that the answer to organization is to be found only at the biologica...

Fifteen measures of non-verbal communication were coded from videotaped interactions between a female confederate and 18-21 year old female subjects (n = 46). Three measures of extraversion and neuroticism had previously been taken from the subjects, as was a measure of IQ. Correlation and factor analysis revealed significant relationships between certain of the variables. Extraversion was stro...