Introduction: We previously shown that microinjection of glutamate into the hDB of rat elicited cardiovascular depressive responses. Microinjection of AP5 (an NMDA receptor antagonist, 2.5 mM, 50 nl) and CNQX (an AMPA receptor antagonist, 1 mM, 50 nl) caused no significant changes in the blood pressure and heart rate. Microinjection of bicuculline (BMI: a GABAA receptor antagonist, 1 mM, 50...

Automation of cell microinjection greatly reduces operational difficulty, but cell fixation remains a challenge. Here, we describe an innovative device that solves the fixation problem without single-cell operation. The microarray cylinder is designed with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material surface to control the contact force between cells and the material. Data show that when the injectio...

The cortex of fertilized Xenopus laevis eggs undergoes regional changes in its composition and morphogenetic activity during the first three divisions. Gray crescent and animal pole cortex of stage 1 (1-cell) and stage 4 (8-cell) embryos each contain a characteristic array of proteins. Implantation of pieces of cortex into the blastocoel of midblastula embryos was used to assay their inductive ...

In previous studies, a new IVF method of intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) was introduced, based on motile sperm organellar morphology examination (MSOME). It was concluded that microinjection of morphologically selected sperm cells with strictly normal nucleus, defined by MSOME, improves IVF-ICSI outcome. The aim of the present study was to confirm this conclusio...

This study aimed to assess the effect of intra-habenular injection of morphine on acute trigeminal pain in rats. Also here, we examined the involvement of raphe nucleus opioid and 5HT3 receptors on the antinociceptive activity of intra habenular morphine to explore the possibility of existence of descending antinociceptive relay between the habenula and raphe nucleus. The numbers of eye wiping ...