Replacement of deficient hormones is an important axis of anti-aging medicine since aging is caused and manifested by various hormonal declines. Somatopause has been treated with growth hormone; andropause with testosterone; thyropause with thyroid hormones; and menopause with estrogen or other natural substances (including isoflavone and black cohosh), whereas facial flush, genital atrophy and...

Managing the symptoms of menopause after a diagnosis of breast cancer offers some unique clinical challenges. For some women, vasomotor symptoms can be severe and debilitating, and hormone therapy is at least relatively contraindicated. Non-oestrogen therapies for hot flushes include SSRIs, clonidine, gabapentin and perhaps black cohosh extracts. Vulvovaginal atrophy can usually be alleviated b...