The definition of colic was stated in the introductory lines; the healthy babies had expressed colic of three to 13 hours' duration daily, only cases 2 and 6 occasionally having had daily colic of shorter duration than three hours: washout periods have no relevance in this context: any food between treatments might produce carry over effect; professional statisticians were consulted about prope...

This book will appeal to the student of medical history and would be of interest to those entering general practice to obtain some insight into how their specialty evolved in modern times. The book is well written and scholarly and gives the reader a real sense of the evolutionary processes affecting general practice in the mid twentieth century with the foundation of the College of General Pra...

included a review of some notable empirical evidence, analyzed and related in a wellthought out epidemiologic fashion. While the text is necessarily complex in parts, its appeal should not be limited; there is something in it to interest everyone. Perhaps a more rational and less zealous attitude concerning the use of marijuana, and its impact on us all, will accompany a widespread reading of t...

Ó Abstract: Birth defects refer to a group of diverse congenital conditions, which are responsible for stillbirths, neonatal deaths, chronic medical conditions and disability. Due to their low prevalence and high mortality, birth defects are not considered to be a significant health problem in India. Various data however identify that India may harbour a significant burden of birth defects, and...

Early detection and prevention of birth defects is necessary to further reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. A birth defect registry or surveillance system is necessary to assess the exact magnitude, profile and modifiable risk factors for birth defects. We review the existing efforts and suggest possible options for addressing this important issue. Connecting birth defects registry with th...

Obesity is a chronic condition linked with diabetes, stroke, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. 1 The estimated prevalence of obesity in the United States (26.7%) and Rhode Island (24.9%) has increased over the past decades. Obese women are at increased risk for pregnancy complications and poor birth outcomes. Specifically, prepregnancy obesity has been associated with birth defects, es...

BACKGROUND Evidence shows exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation, but the results for birth defects have been inconsistent. METHODS The data on birth defects was collected from the Birth Defects Monitoring Network of Haikou city. Air pollutio...

BACKGROUND Birth defects are a leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality in Italy, however little is known of the etiology of most defects. Improvements in diagnosis have revealed increasing numbers of clinically insignificant defects, while improvements in treatment have increased the survival of those with more serious and complex defects. For etiological studies, prevention, and managem...

BACKGROUND Although the association between maternal age and the risks of birth defects has been well studied, the evidence from population data linking paternal age with birth defects was limited and inconsistent. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of 5,213,248 subjects from the 1999-2000 birth registration data of the USA. Multiple logistic regressions were u...

Birth defects may influence the risk of childhood cancer development through a variety of mechanisms. The rarity of both birth defects and childhood cancers makes it challenging to study these associations, particularly for the very rare instances of each. To address this limitation, the authors conducted a record linkage-based cohort study among Texas children born between 1996 and 2005. Birth...