Objective: Similarities and differences among mood disorders can help psychiatrics in their exact diagnosis and more effective treatments. Therefore, the current research sought to identify differences between patients with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and nonclinical group in emotional schemas. Methods: The present research was a cross-sectional study. The research sample cons...

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) groups disorders into diagnostic classes on the basis of the subjective criterion of "shared phenomenological features." There are now sufficient data to eliminate this rational system and replace it with an empirically based structure that reflects the actual similarities am...

Background Previous research has examined the association of affective temperaments, as measured by the TEMPS-A, with DSM bipolar disorders. However, the relation of the TEMPS-A with risk for bipolar disorder remains unclear. The present study examined the association of affective temperaments with psychopathology, personality, and functioning in a nonclinically ascertained sample of young adul...

We review longitudinal predictors, primarily psychosocial, of the onset, course, and expression of bipolar spectrum disorders. We organize our review along a proximal - distal continuum, discussing the most proximal (i.e., prodromes) predictors of bipolar episodes first, then recent environmental (i.e., life events) predictors of bipolar symptoms and episodes next, followed by more distal psych...

OBJECTIVE The authors examined facial expression recognition in adolescents with mood and anxiety disorders. METHOD Standard facial emotion identification tests were given to youth with bipolar disorder (N=11) or DSM-IV anxiety disorders (N=10) and a group of healthy comparison subjects (N=25). RESULTS Relative to the anxiety disorder and healthy comparison groups, the subjects with bipolar...

Mood disorders and circulating thyroid antibodies are very prevalent in the population and their concomitant occurrence may be due to chance. However, thyroid antibodies have been repeatedly hypothesized to play a role in specific forms of mood disorders. Potentially related forms include treatment-refractory cases, severe or atypical depression, and depression at specific phases of a woman's l...

  Purpose: Bipolar disorders of complex and multi-dimensional nature necessitate new therapies.   This research compared the effect of meta-cognitive and psycho-educational family therapy on   dysfunctional attitudes of bipolar patients.   Materials and Methods: This was a semi-empirical research with pretest-posttest design, using   control group. From among the bipolar woman who had referred ...

psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder (8) and between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (9). Although family and twin studies can estimate the shared heritability across disorders, they cannot identify the genetic loci contributing to this overlap. To date, evidence implicating specifi c chromosomal regions and genes in the shared liability to psychotic and mood disorders has la...

objective: bipolar i disorder is a common disorder with a complex etiology. a genetic approach is gaining increasing importance in this disorder. the dysbindin gene, located at 6p22.3 is considered a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. certain genotypes of dysbindin are thought to be associated with other psychoses such as bipolar disorders. this study intends to assess the association in pr...

BACKGROUND The analysis of eye movements (EM) by eye-tracking has been carried out for several decades to investigate mood regulation, emotional information processing, and psychomotor disturbances in depressive disorders. METHOD A systematic review of all English language PubMed articles using the terms "saccadic eye movements" OR "eye-tracking" AND "depression" OR "bipolar disorders" was co...