Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists have set a new therapeutic standard for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The agents including infliximab (Remicade), etanercept (Enbrel), and adalimumab (Humira) have been shown to substantially improve the signs and symptoms, disability, and quality of life while significantly inhibiting joint damage in early and longstanding RA. As with any agent, safety iss...

background: to increase safety of patients and staffs in hospitals, safety standards and regulations must be considered. this study was conducted to evaluate safety conditions in hospitals affiliated to kerman university of medical sciences.   methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in various wards and units of four hospitals affiliated to kerman university of medical sci...

The growing concern over the potential use of biological agents as weapons and the continuing work of the Biological Weapons Convention has promoted an interest in establishing national biological laboratory biosafety and biosecurity monitoring programs. The challenges and issues that should be considered by governments, or organizations, embarking on the creation of a biological laboratory bio...

Since the introduction of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic technique, the number of people exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has increased dramatically. In this review, based on the results of a pioneer study showing in vitro and in vivo genotoxic effects of MRI scans, we report an updated survey about the effects of non-ionizing EMF employed in MRI, relevant for patients'...

A simple, cheap and readily available test system for biological safety cabinets is described. It depends on the containment of an aerosol of Bacillus subtilis spores generated in a BIRD micronebulizer and the measurement of air flows with an anemometer. The system was set up to survey new equipment but equally valuable results have been obtained from tests during use. New units were often badl...

Nineteen open-fronted (class I) safety cabinets were subjected to spore containment and airflow tests, which suggested that a flow of 0.75 m/s was the minimum required for safe operation; further tests on three of the cabinets were repeated at different air speeds and confirmed this. The airflow is required to overcome the effect of laboratory or external air currents. Contamination of surfaces...

How does the public view the offer of a biological treatment in lieu of prison for criminal offenders? Using the contrastive vignette technique, we explored this issue, using mixed-methods analysis to measure concerns regarding changing the criminal's personality, the coercive nature of the offer, and the safety of the proposed treatment. Overall, we found that of the three variables, the safet...

background: hospitals in iran are not prepared for disasters the aim of this study was to determine the effect of training functional and nonstructural hospital safety to nurses and their intervention on hospital preparedness in psychiatric razi hospital and day hospital in tehran based on hospital safety index (hsi). materials  and  methods:  this  semi-experimental  study  included  nurse  ma...

background solvents such as benzene and toluene are commonly used in tire manufacturing, and significant occupational exposure to these chemicals adversely affects the health of workers. in biological monitoring, a complementary method for personal monitoring, the internal absorbed dose is measured and individual, environmental, and exposure differences are taken into consideration. conclusions...