Salicylic acid (SA) is a signal in systemic acquired resistance and an inducer of the alternative oxidase protein in tobacco (Nicofiana tabacum cv Xanthi nc) cell suspensions and during thermogenesis in aroid spadices. The effects of SA on the levels of alternative oxidase protein and the pathogenesis-related l a mRNA (a marker for systemic acquired resistance), and on the partitioning of elect...

Species of the epiphytic fungus Pseudozyma are not pathogenic to plants and can be used as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. Deciphering how they induce plant defense might contribute to their use for plant protection and expand our understanding of molecular plant-pathogen interactions. Here we show that Pseudozyma aphidis isolate L12, which is known to induce jasmonic acid- and salic...

application of organic manures is one of the most important strategies for plant nutrition compared to chemical fertilizers, especially in organic management of medicinal plants. in order to evaluate the effects of different organic and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and qualitative characteristics of isabgol (plantago ovata), a field experiment was conducted based on randomize...

in this study the effect of different concentrations of silicon( 0, 2 , 4 and 6 mm, on expression of some genes involved in resistance and activity of several antioxidan enzymes was investigated: the plants was treated in flowering stage via soil solution. the treated plants were inoculated with 106 spore suspended in 1 ml by injection into the lower part of the spikelets and then were harveste...

Nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are widespread signaling molecules that regulate immunity in animals and plants. Levels of SNOs in vivo are controlled by nitric oxide synthesis (which in plants is achieved by different routes) and by S-nitrosoglutathione turnover, which is mainly performed by the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). GSNOR is encoded by a single-copy gene in Arabidops...

ALD1 (ABERRANT GROWTH AND DEATH2 [AGD2]-LIKE DEFENSE1) is one of the key defense regulators in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. In these model plants, ALD1 is responsible for triggering basal defense response and systemic resistance against bacterial infection. As well ALD1 is involved in the production of pipecolic acid and an unidentified compound(s) for systemic resistance and...

background and objectives: different trichoderma species play role as suitable alternative for chemical fertilizers and successful biological tool in stable agriculture. these microorganisms show rivalry in food and place sources. they establish in the rhizosphere of most agricultural and non-agricultural plants via producing spores. they also could induce resistance in plants. these properties...

Cultural methods such as crop fertilization can affect susceptibility of plants to insect pests by altering plant tissue nutrient levels. Research shows that the ability of a crop plant to resist or tolerate insect pests and diseases is tied to optimal physical, chemical and mainly biological properties of soils. Soils with high organic matter and active soil biology generally exhibit good soil...

Previously, we reported the generation of a virusinduced systemic signal that increased the somatic and meiotic recombination rates in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected tobacco plants. Here, we analyzed the progeny of plants that received the signal and found that these plants also have a higher frequency of rearrangements in the loci carrying the homology to LRR region of the gene of resista...