With advancements in materials science over the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of synthetic polymers by both artists and conservators. Synthetic polymers in items representing our cultural heritage occur either as original constituents of works of art or as materials used for conservation treatment, and these polymers include adhesives, consolidants, and protect...

Anaerobic digestion is a process that can produce renewable energy through the fermentation of biodegradable biomass. Industrial anaerobic tanks are usually made concrete but production various aggressive compounds (CO2, NH4+ and volatile fatty acids) during microbial leads to deterioration structure. In addition, formation biofilm on cementitious material surface could generate even more inten...

In our study, bioactivity of essential oil extracted from Ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe.) that belongs to family Zingiberaceae was analyzed. Ginger rhizome oil was found to be effective against a range of bio-deteriogens. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value was determined by Poisoned Food Technique and Volatile Activity Assay. The study demonstrates that essential oil had a wid...

The Etruscan civilisation originated in the Villanovan Iron Age in the ninth century BC and was absorbed by Rome in the first century BC. Etruscan tombs, many of which are subterranean, are one of the best representations of this culture. The principal importance of these tombs, however, lies in the wall paintings and in the tradition of rich burial, which was unique in the Mediterranean Basin,...

This paper describes several unexpected benefits of rodenticide-registration research funded by The California Bait Surcharge Program. An enclosure-type study was conducted to determine efficacy of single, preand test-bait broadcasts (10 lb./ac.) of 0% and 2% zinc phosphide (ZqP,, CAS #1314-84-7) steam-rolled-oat (SRO) groats to control voles (Microtus spp.) in alfalfa (Medicago sariva). Unexpe...