Most bituminous adhesives or binders that are used for pavement materials are derived primarily from fossil fuels. With petroleum oil reserves becoming depleted and the drive to establish a bio-based economy, there is a push to produce binders from alternative sources, particularly from biorenewable resources. However, until now, no research has studied the applicability of utilizing bio-oils a...

in order to investigation the effects of different combination and amount of chemical, biological and organic manure in present of water absorbent materials on some phenological, morphological and yield of soybean, a field study was carried out gorgan region climate conditions in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. in this experiment two lev...

The Reserve Bank of India and a closely associated institution, NABARD, have undertaken a wide range of activities designed to support microfinance. However, many of these have been "developmental" initiatives of a financially repressive nature (such as directed credit requirements and refinancing of loans to priority sectors) and have not contributed to the emergence of a sustainable microfina...

An increase in the antibiotic resistance among Enterococcus faecium strains has been observed worldwide. Moreover, this bacteria has the ability to produce several virulence factors and to form biofilm that plays an important role in human infections. This study was designed to compare the antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of genes encoding surface protein (esp), aggregation substance (a...

there is a great call for using microbial bio-decaffeination approach to remove caffeinefrom caffeinated products and industrial wastes. we aimed in this study to screen strainsof yeasts which exhibit high caffeine tolerance and to investigate the bio-degradation ofcaffeine under growth conditions. sixteen yeast strains were isolated from the cultivatedtea soils collected from sites of northern...

the objective of this research is to investigate the effect of four additives including iron slag (is), works debris (wd), fly ash (fa), and lime kiln dust (lkd) on the biochemical properties of biosolids produced at mangere wastewater treatment plant (mwwtp), auckland, new zealand. all these additives are homogenously mixed in the laboratory with biosolids at various percentages with and witho...

in this study, the possibility of including probiotic starter cultures for making yoghurt was investigated. set yoghurts were made using three bio-cultures, all containing bifido-bacterium spp.. the effects of these starter cultures and total solids (i.e. addition of 0, 1 and 2% skim milk powder) on the rheological and sensory characteristics of the bio-yoghurts were compared with a standard st...

this study set out to investigate the effect of bio-fertilizers containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus on grain yield and yield components of faba bean. to this end a factorial experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in behbahan region at south eastern part of khuzestan province of iran. the experimental treatments included ni...

Bio-fuel cells are alternative energy devises based on bio-electrocatalysis of natural substrates by enzymes or microorganisms. Here we review bio-fuel cells and bio-batteries based on the recent literature. In general, the bio-fuel cells are classified based on the type of electron transfer; mediated electron transfer and direct electron transfer or electronic charge transfer (ECT). The ECT of...