The conventional exposure of a horizontal rectus muscle is through conjunctival and Tenon's capsule incisions directly over the muscle. This results in a visible scar and in some patients is conspicuously unattractive. Therefore, a surgical method that hides the scar behind the eyelid should be welcomed by both the surgeon and patient. To accomplish this objective the medial and lateral rectus ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of transposition procedures on the vertical rectus muscle (VRM) in the patients who underwent a medial rectus muscle (MR) transection after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). METHODS In 4 patients with exotropia (XT) and a lack of adduction after ESS, orbital CT or MRI revealed a complete transection of the midportion of the MR. Full-tendon VRM transposition was pe...

PURPOSE To report a case of bilateral Brown's syndrome with unilateral spontaneous resolution causing hypertropia and significant head tilt. CASE REPORT A 3 ½-year-old girl presented with bilateral typical Brown's syndrome and orthophoria in the primary position; she presented with unilateral resolution of right Brown's syndrome 6 months later, causing right hypertropia and gradually deterior...

PURPOSE To report the surgical effect in upshoot of Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) with corecession of horizontal rectus muscles with or without Y-splitting. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review of six patients of DRS received muscle surgeries for upshoot in adducted position was performed. RESULTS From 1994 to 2010, six Duane patients received muscle surgeries for upshoots of...

INTRODUCTION Congenital esotropia is a convergent deviation of the eyes when fixating on an object. It appears during the first six months of life and affects muscle structure and physiology, as well as the relation of the eyes with the environment, retinal relations and neural integration phenomena. Amblyopia develops in 30-50% of those affected. Timely surgery is effective in most cases. OB...

Unilateral or bilateral lateral rectus resection is commonly performed for the correction of residual esotropia, but few results have been reported. Twenty-eight patients with residual esotropia underwent bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) resection. Six months after operation (n = 25), there were 17 (68%) successful cases, 7 (28%) cases of undercorrection, and 1 (4%) case of overcorrection. The su...

AIM To discuss the long-term postoperative results of bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) and unilateral lateral rectus recession-medial rectus resection (RR) in therapy of intermittent exotropia. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 213 cases of intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2010. The patients were grouped into BLR group and RR group. Motor outcomes were d...

Although there is detailed knowledge on the organization of the motor neurons supplying the extraocular muscles, there are still some discrepancies concerning the results of different studies. This study is planned to reexamine the distribution of the motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus of the rat. In the present study we used 20 young adult Sprague-Dawley rats in four groups which represen...