In this research we present Bidirectional exact pattern matching algorithm [20] in detail. Bidirectional (BD) exact pattern matching (EPM) introduced a new idea to compare pattern with Selected Text Window (STW) of text string by using two pointers (right and left) simultaneously in searching phase. In preprocessing phase Bidirectional EPM algorithm improved the shift decision by comparing righ...

We propose a frame rate up-conversion algorithm using bidirectional optical flow estimation at each pixel based on a previously proposed Hierarchical Optical flow Estimation (HOE) algorithm. The HOE is extended from unidirectional flow estimation to bidirectional flow estimation in which a 3×3×2 multi-dimensional filter and a motion compensated image method are used for high accuracy of flow es...

This paper addresses the problem of rectangular matrix multiplication on bidirectional linear systolic arrays (SAs). We analyze all bidirectional linear SAs in terms of efficiency. We conclude that the efficiency depends on the relation between the loop boundaries in the systolic algorithm (i.e. matrix dimensions). We point out which SA is the best choice depending on the relation between matri...

The assessment of bidirectional heuristic search has been incorrect since it was rst published more than a quarter of a century ago. For quite a long time, this search strategy did not achieve the expected results, and there was a major misunderstanding about the reasons behind it. Although there is still wide-spread belief that bidirectional heuristic search is a icted by the problem of search...

In this paper, we discuss some formal properties of the model of bidirectional Optimality Theory that was developed in Blutner 2000. We investigate the conditions under which bidirectional optimization is a well-defined notion, and we give a conceptually simpler reformulation of Blutner’s definition. In the second part of the paper, we show that bidirectional optimization can be modeled by mean...

The present paper introduces and discusses bidirectional contextual grammars as a straightforward generalization of externally generating contextual grammars without choice. In essence, besides ordinary derivation steps, the bidirectional contextual grammars can also make reduction steps, which shorten the rewritten strings. This paper demonstrates that these grammars characterize the family of...

In skeletal muscle, intermolecular communication between the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and RYR1 is bidirectional: orthograde coupling (skeletal excitation-contraction coupling) is observed as depolarization-induced Ca(2+) release via RYR1, and retrograde coupling is manifested by increased L-type Ca(2+) current via DHPR. A critical domain (residues 720-765) of the DHPR alpha(1S) II-II...

Electrophysiological, hemodynamic and angiographic studies were performed on an 18 year old woman with asymptomatic recurrent bidirectional tachycardia of eight years' duration and mild hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Multiple surface electrocardiograms and His bundle and right atrial electrograms revealed that 1) all beats during bidirectional tachycardia originated in the left ventricle; 2) ...

BACKGROUND Although acupuncture-needle manipulation is an important component of acupuncture therapy, little information is currently available on whether or not specific types of needle manipulation produce different effects on the body. Bidirectional (back-and-forth) rotation is one of the most common forms of needle manipulation used in acupuncture practice. OBJECTIVES In this study, we hy...