This paper presents a competitive supply chain network design problem in which one, two, or three supply chains are planning to enter the price-dependent markets simultaneously in uncertain environments and decide to set the prices and shape their networks. The chains produce competitive products either identical or highly substitutable. Fuzzy multi-level mixed integer programming is used to mo...

In this paper, a bi-level game-theoretic model is proposed to investigate the effects of governmental financial intervention on green supply chain. This problem is formulated as a bi-level program for a green supply chain that produces various products with different environmental pollution levels. The problem is also regard uncertainties in market demand and sale price of raw materials and pro...

Bi-level decision addresses compromises between two interacting decision entities within a given hierarchical complex systems. Bi-level programming typically solves bi-level decision problems. However, formulation of objectives and constraints in mathematical functions is required, which are difficult, and sometimes impossible, in real-world situations due to various uncertainties. Our study de...

This paper proposes a kind of bi-level linear programming problem, in which there are two decision makers in a hierarchy and they have a common variable. To deal with this bi-level problem, we introduce a virtual decision maker, who controls the common variable to maximize the sum of the objective functions of the upper and lower level decision maker (the leader and follower). To illustrate the...

a linear programming model has been presented for finding an appropriate planning in order to maximize hotel revenue. in this model, a special planning horizon has been considered that includes several busy days of a year. there are several reservation periods that may start a few months earlier. each period of reservation may have different prices and so result different incomes. hotel custome...

We propose an alternative approach to stochastic programming based on MonteCarlo sampling and stochastic gradient optimization. The procedure is by essence probabilistic and the computed solution is a random variable. The associated objective value is doubly random, since it depends on two outcomes: the event in the stochastic program and the randomized algorithm. We propose a solution concept ...

In the present economic context, the operating theater is considered as a critical activity in health care management. This paper describes a model for operating room (OR) planning under constraint of a unique equipment. At first level we schedule elective surgeries under the uncertainty of using a unique equipment. At the second level we consider emergency surgeries, and at the third le...