Recent work documents that better legal institutions are associated with broader equity markets. We investigate whether differences in legal institutions also help explain the international cross-section of expected stock returns. Three main regularities emerge. First, total stock market returns are positively correlated with overall measures of the quality of institutions, such as judicial eff...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colorectal cancer, a leading cause of cancer death, is preventable with colonoscopic screening. Colonoscopy cost is high, and optimizing resource utilization for colonoscopy is important. This study's aim is to evaluate resource allocation for optimal use of facilities for colonoscopy screening. METHOD The authors used data from a computerized colonoscopy database to devel...

Many registered nurses believe that nurse staffing in acute care hospitals is inadequate. In 1999 California became the first state to mandate minimum nurse-to-patient ratios in hospitals. State officials announced draft ratios in January 2002 and expect to implement the legislation by July 2003. We estimate that the direct costs of compliance will be small. However, mandatory ratios could gene...

The evaluation of the viability agriculture through analysis R/C ratio is consideredinappropriate in application new technology. tool that considered adequate theincremental benefit-cost (IBCR). objective research was to determine effect theapplication semi-organic agricultural technology on production and todetermine achieve researchobjectives, carried out 40 rice farming units Pringgasela dis...