Heterogeneous network computing enables the development of a single complex application using a distributed network of possibly dissimilar machines. While heterogeneous networks promise cost-eeective compute cycles, almost no software is available to aid in the design and implementation of their applications. In this paper, we couple the Zoom representation, designed to facilitate development o...

a r t i c l e i n f o The study offers a decision support tool for stepwise benchmarking. Within a benchmarking exercise, we propose a method for selecting a preferable development path that consists of a sequence of intermediate benchmarks. First, an outranking multi-criteria approach is used to establish the hierarchical position of benchmarking units. For each unit, we evaluate possible deve...

In the pickup and delivery problem with time windows (PDPTW), vehicles have to transport loads from origins to destinations respecting capacity and time constraints. In this paper, we present a two-phase method to solve the PDPTW. In the first phase, we apply a novel construction heuris tics to generate an initial solution. In the second phase, a tabu search method is proposed to improve the so...

This paper studies the notions of conceptual grounding and explanation (which includes notion mathematical explanation), with an aim clarifying links between them. On one hand, it analyses complex examples these two that bring to fore features are easily overlooked otherwise. other provides a formal framework for modeling both explanation, based on concept proof. Inspiration analogies drawn rec...

nowadays with high competition in area of business, companies have to use different strategies in order to face and control this competition. without doubt not only use of these strategies influences on packaging but also this issue affect on companies’ performance. hence, aim of this research is to study differentiation strategy of porter as a competitive strategy on organizational performance...