“what is the essential believes of a mature human being or perfect personality from quran’s viewpoint? the present article is going to respond to this question; but first of all, we will explain some of the essential characteristics of qur’anic anthropology which is the basis of its studies concerning perfect personality. then, we will take into consideration the concepts of healthy and sicknes...

We propose a dynamic logic of lying, wherein a ‘lie that φ’ (where φ is a formula in the logic) is an action in the sense of dynamic modal logic, that is interpreted as a state transformer relative to the formula φ. The states that are being transformed are pointed Kripke models encoding the uncertainty of agents about their beliefs. Lies can be about factual propositions but also about modal f...

Cotard's Syndrome (CS) is a rare clinical event described for the first time in 1880 by the neurologist and psychiatrist Jules Cotard and characterized by negation delusions (or nihilists). Immortality and hypochondriac delusions are also typical. Nowadays, it is known that CS can be associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions. In this article, we describe the case of a patient that believ...

This study examined individual difference correlates of belief in a narrative about the discovery of giant skeletal remains that contravenes mainstream scientific explanations. A total of 364 participants from Central Europe completed a survey that asked them to rate their agreement with a short excerpt describing the giant skeleton myth. Participants also completed measures of the Big Five per...

This paper investigates what kind of belief the recipients have when they can make effort in the experimental dictator game. The experimental result indicates that the recipients have the belief that others think effort should be rewarded. Furthermore, when the dictators act differently from the belief, the recipients change the belief and relax their effort.

An estimated 47 million people worldwide are living with dementia in 2015, and this number is projected to triple by 2050. In the absence of a disease-modifying treatment or cure, reducing the risk of developing dementia takes on added importance. In 2014, the World Dementia Council (WDC) requested the Alzheimer's Association evaluate and report on the state of the evidence on modifiable risk f...

Self-deception is made unnecessarily puzzling by the assumption that it is an intrapersonal analog of ordinary interpersonal deception. In paradigmatic cases, interpersonal deception is intentional and involves some time at which the deceiver disbelieves what the deceived believes. The assumption that self-deception is intentional and that the self-deceiver believes that some proposition is tru...

The theory of architecture implicit in our world today, Christopher Alexander believes, is bankrupt. More and more people are aware that something is deeply wrong. Yet the power of present-day ideas is so great that many...

Many hypertension patients want to learn about ways to reduce reliance on pharmaceuticals, says functional medicine practitioner Mark Houston, who believes it is often possible to reduce or eliminate reliance on drugs using nutrition and nutraceuticals.