profiles that are being published by different organisations (such as “health in transition”). The recent votes in France and the Netherlands against the European Constitution showed that the “democratic deficit” is not just the concern of the new member states. A democratic revolution should become an integral part of the ongoing healthcare reforms. WHO supports this process, since “participat...

The GRIN technologies (-geno, -robo, -info, -nano) promise to change the inner constitution of human body and its own existence. This transformation involves the structure of our lives and represent a –brave?– new world that we have to explore and to manage. In this sense, the traditional tools of humanism seems very inadequate to think the biotech century and there is a strong demand of a new ...

The collapse of the communist empire coincided with a new wave of constitution making. All the Eastern European countries introduced in the new constitutions an organ in charge of constitutional adjudication modeled on what we define below the Kelsenian type. This was neither surprising nor original. The same phenomenon happened in Southern Europe about 20 years ago after the collapse of fascis...

The localization accuracy of a track-before-detect search for a target moving across a distributed sensor field is examined in this paper. The localization accuracy of the search is defined in terms of the area of intersection of the spatial-temporal sensor coverage regions, as seen from the perspective of the target. The expected value and variance of this area are derived for sensors distribu...

The constitution-making processes and trajectories of the East-Central European democracies have been more challenging than often supposed. Consolidation allegedly rests on ‘liberal consensus’ that emerged after communism. This consensus has much less robust widespread believed increasingly confronted with illiberal counter-forces. article contributes to a critical discussion constitutional pol...

this is the obligation of judge in civil trial to finding substantive rule of law which is governing to a case in current resource of law. as an important role, it depends to have an accurate acknowledge about rule's resources and applying it in governing legal system. in iranian positive law we can see two rule of law concerning this obligation, first in principle 167 of constitution and ...

after the victory of constitution revolution, the context became ready for creating new institutions. one of the main elements of these institutions was making people familiar with their social and political rights. thus establishment of parliament and political and social institutions in iran clarified the necessity of political and economic independence. as one of the major concerns of parlia...