Software quality is a complex concept containing a large number of quality criteria. These quality criteria are usually interactive where preference outcome of one criterion over another criterion is always influenced by the remaining criteria. However, to avoid complexity researchers always tend to construct independent criteria which causing some bias effect in evaluation. This paper presents...

in today’s world, markets are no longer under the limitations of a specific location and the importance of this issue is illustrated in effective decision making of economic agents, because the world financial markets are considered often valuable guideline for domestic and foreign markets. in this research, due to the connections between world stock markets, stock markets in countries with the...

This paper examines the causality between concentration in banking industry and economic growth by using data across 15 countries named in "Iran outlook in 2025", over the period 2004-2011. Our aim is to assess whether the economy grows more or less rapidly in areas where the banking sector is more concentrated. The topic is motivated by the fact that the causality between concentration in bank...

BACKGROUND Understanding circuit function would be greatly facilitated by methods that allow the simultaneous estimation of the functional strengths of all of the synapses in the network during ongoing network activity. Towards that end, we used Granger causality analysis on electrical recordings from the pyloric network of the crab Cancer borealis, a small rhythmic circuit with known connectiv...

The ability to perceive causality is a central human ability constructed from elemental spatial and temporal information present in the environment. Although the nature of causality has captivated philosophers and scientists since antiquity, the neural correlates of causality remain poorly understood. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to generate hypothe...

This study attempts to investigate the effect of oil returns and external debt on the government expenditure in Syria over the period 1970-2010. The Johansen cointegration test showed that oil returns and external debt have a positive and significant long run relationship with government expenditure. The Granger causality test indicates unidirectional short-run causality relationships running f...

This paper investigates the endogenous money supply hypothesis in Iran. To this end, we attempt to find causality directions between bank credits and money aggregates. Utilizing Diks and Panchenko’s (2006) nonparametric Granger causality test for the time series data over the period 2006:04-2018:12 confirms the existence of a significant causality running from bank credits to money aggregates. ...

Theories on the relationship between money and inflation had largely been shaped around the positive relationship and money causality for inflation before the Post-Keynesians. Since the 1980s, this idea emerged that there might be no correlation between money growth and inflation. In the case of existence, the causality is reversed, so money is endogenous somehow. However, practically there is ...

In causal dependent clauses, the preferred referent of a pronoun varies systematically with the verb in the main clause (contrast Sally frightens Mary because she . . .with Sally loves Mary because she . . .). This ‘‘implicit causality’’ phenomenon is understood to reflect intuitions about who caused the event. Researchers have debated whether these intuitions are based on linguistic structure ...