nowadays, in the competitive world of economy, the most considerable issues for managers and shareholders are: 1- managers are after productivity growth with optimum use of financial sources and 2- investors require long-term return from their investment. this standpoint and motivation to increase productivity for managers is the direct consequence of the advent of a new generation of investors...

Crack-tip behaviour in metals is among the most basic problems in mechanics of materials. Yet, long-standing experimental evidence suggests that crack-tip twinning in face-centred-cubic (f.c.c.) metals is highly dependent on the material, temperature and loading rate, and previous simulations and models predict twinning in aluminium, where it has never been observed. Here, this discrepancy betw...

Copper and silver are antimicrobial metals, on whose surface bacteria do not grow. As our paper demonstrates, this commonly reported antimicrobial property does not apply to electrochemically active, electrode respiring bacteria. These bacteria readily colonize the surface of these metals, forming a highly active biofilm. Average anodic current densities of 1.1 mA cm 2 (silver) and 1.5 mA cm 2 ...