Researchers have retrospectively analyzed the training intensity distribution (TID) of nationally and internationally competitive athletes in different endurance disciplines to determine the optimal volume and intensity for maximal adaptation. The majority of studies present a "pyramidal" TID with a high proportion of high volume, low intensity training (HVLIT). Some world-class athletes appear...

Some fundamental biological questions can be answered only by taking an “ecology of place” approach—by studying a focal system over long periods of time. One of these fundamental questions is the degree to which population dynamics are a function of social behavior. Long-term studies of yellowbellied marmot populations of known pedigree have examined the role of kinship in social behavior and o...

Case–control studies are used often in epidemiologic studies to investigate the association between disease and one or more risk factors. With increasing frequency, the set of risk factors being considered includes genotypes at one or more susceptibility, candidate, or marker loci (see Markers). The goals of association studies will differ, depending on the state of knowledge about a given dise...

This paper studies the use of transformation-based speaker adaptation in improving the performance of large vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems. We present a formulation of the adaptation procedure that is simpler than existing methods. Our experiments demonstrate that speaker normalization continues to be important even after signi cant amounts of speaker adaptation. An automatic ...

background: type 1 diabetes is one of the chronic metabolic disorders among children and adolescents. peers are also important units in diabetes management through adolescence. this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peer-based intervention in managing type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents.   methods: searching articles published prior to december 2013 in pubmed, web...

Corpus Linguistics is one of the fastest emerging language teaching methods in modern applied linguistics. Several studies have been carried out to study the effectiveness of using Corpus Linguistics to comprehend the dynamics of language learning and to harness the benefits of learning a language though corpus based approach. This paper examines some of the significant studies on Corpus Lingui...

Expression mapping of activity-dependent genes has been very useful to reveal brain activation patterns associated with specific stimuli or behavioral contexts. In addition, activity-induced neuronal gene expression is likely associated with neuronal plasticity and may be part of the mechanism(s) involved in long-term memory formation. Analysis of the immediate-early gene zenk has been used to ...

In this issue, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics inaugurates a new feature-The Cutting Edge: Spotlight on Clinical Response-whose objective is the rapid publication of breaking discoveries regarding target- or mechanism-based clinical responses in cancer. Targeted molecules are poised to alter the landscape of clinical cancer treatment. For example, because they can distinguish cancer cells from th...