This study puts forward a generic and comprehensive costing framework for software projects that aims for simplicity. This is achieved by integrating commonly used CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) and PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) costing concepts in a broader organizational context. The costing framework comprises three layers: costing targets, costing activities, an...

Few new ideas in management accounting have achieved the same attention in terms of books, reports, conferences and implementation efforts, as has Activity Based Accounting (ABC). A lot of survey studies have been carried out describing the diffusion of ABC in different countries, for example Krumwiede (1998a) in USA, Gosselin in Canada (1997), Innes & Mitchell in Great Britain (1995), Sherrer ...

A company’s profits may be defined as the positive difference between its income revenues and operational costs. Today, most companies use traditional costing methods and/or traditional Activity-Based Costing (ABC) to determine their operational costs with a view to direct operational and business process changes so that profits are realized. A tripartite approach is presented towards determini...