This review aims to relate recent findings describing the role and neural connectivity of the basal ganglia to the clinical neuropsychiatry of basal ganglia movement disorders and to the role of basal ganglia disturbances in “psychiatric”’ states. Articles relating to the relevant topics were initially collected through MEDLINE and papers relating to the clinical conditions discussed were also ...

Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification: rediscovering an old challenge in organic psychiatric disorders João Ricardo Mendes de Oliveira, Matheus Fernandes de Oliveira Keizo Asami Laboratory (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil. Neuropsychiatric Department, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil. Neurosurgery Residency Program, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de...

Quantitative receptor autoradiography was performed on neonatal and adult cat brains. Serial sections through the basal ganglia were assayed for D1- and D2-dopamine receptors and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining. The neonatal basal ganglia revealed patches of increased D1-receptor density that frequently overlapped with patches of increased AChE staining, while the D2-receptor distribution ...

Here we review a role of a basal ganglia-brainstem (BG-BS) system throughout the mesopontine tegmentum in the control of various types of behavioral expression. First the basal ganglia-brainstem system may contribute to an automatic control of movements, such as rhythmic limb movements and adjustment of postural muscle tone during locomotion, which occurs in conjunction with voluntary control p...

In this research, an improved model of Parkinsonian tremor is presented by using a mathematical and computational approach. Parkinson’s disease (PD), abnormal signal produced basal ganglia (BG). This goes to the thalamus, then enters cortex after interaction with peripheral system muscle finally appears as tremor. model, all mentioned process are simulated. Also, skeletal well central nervous (...

The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei involved in a variety of processes, including motor, associative, cognitive, and mnemonic functions. The dorsal division of the basal ganglia consists of the striatum (divided into the caudate nucleus and putamen by the internal capsule in primates and other species), the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe; simply globus pallidus in ...

This is the introductory chapter to an edited volume comprising 18 chapters written by 38 specially selected authors covering the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry/pharmacology and behavioral aspects of GABA in the basal ganglia. In this chapter the various nuclei of the basal ganglia are defined and their cellular structure, connections and function reviewed in brief in order to provide an ori...

In this paper, we demonstrate nondeclarative sequence learning in mice using an animal analog of the human serial reaction time task (SRT) that uses a within-group comparison of behavior in response to a repeating sequence versus a random sequence. Ten female B6CBA mice performed eleven 96-trial sessions containing 24 repetitions of a 4-trial sequence. During the 12th session, the repeating seq...

Computer simulation studies and mathematical analysis of models of the basal ganglia are being used increasingly to explore theories of basal ganglia function. We review the implications of these new models for a general understanding of basal ganglia function in normal as well as in diseased brains. The focus is on their functional similarities rather than on the details of mathematical method...