After the revolution of 1979, all of the private banks existing in Iran were nationalized and the economic system was based on public, cooperative and private sectors and banking operations were categorized in public sector. Consequently, private sector and foreign banks were bared from doing banking operations in Iran. According to the recent laws and regulations passed in Iran, the Irani...

It is shown that any realistic model of quintessence should be based on Supergravity (SUGRA) since the value of the quintessence field on the attractor is approximately the Planck mass. Under very general assumptions, the typical shape of a SUGRA tracking potential is derived. Cosmological implications are investigated. In particular, it is demonstrated that, generically, the equation of state ...

PURPOSE To determine the immediate endothelial cell loss (ECL) resulting from insertion of a precut donor button using the Neusidl Corneal Inserter (NCI) and compare it with the previously published ECL resulting from insertion of a folded donor button using non-coapting forceps. METHODS Ten corneas were precut for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and trephinated to a dia...

OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-utility of posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) techniques, including deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty, and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, in the treatment of corneal endothelial diseases. DESIGN Cost-utility analysis based on a Markov model. PARTICIPANTS Cohort of 100 patients waiting f...

PURPOSE We describe an inexpensive, simple, and effective endothelium-Descemet membrane (EDM) graft injector assembled from regular operating room supplies in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). METHODS To assemble the injector, standard intravenous tubing was cut approximately 2 inches from the Luer lock end, leaving a steep bevel. The cut end of the tubing was firmly wedged b...

Purpose: The optical quality of the interface after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) using the big-bubble technique has been shown to be excellent, leading to results comparable to penetrating keratoplasty. However, there is little in the literature with respect to the controversy surrounding the preparation of the donor cornea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual acuity ...

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We present an unusual case of persistent interface fluid that would not resolve despite normal intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial replacement with Descemet-stripping endothelial keratoplasty. Dissection, elevation, and repositioning of the laser in situ keratomileusis flap were required to resolve the interface fluid. Circumferential corneal graft-host margin scar formation acting as ...

METHODS: Design: Retrospective interventional case series. Study population: 21 eyes from 21 patients who underwent visco-bubble technique for DALK, which involves the injection of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) into the deep stroma to form a visco-bubble to separate Descemet ́s membrane from the posterior stroma. Surgeries were performed between May 2010 and January 2013. Main outcome ...