The birth of the scientific clinical trial is often cited as an experiment by James Lind. On 20 May 1743, Lind compared the effect of a few supposed nutritional remedies against scurvy. The research subjects, 12 sailors suffering from scurvy on board the ship HMS Salisbury, were divided into 6 groups. In one group, each patient was given 2 oranges and 1 lemon every day, to eat upon an empty sto...

Research objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the reliability Idegei’s “Kureish genealogy” from “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek and treatise “On family Yusupov princes”, as well reconstruction genealogy according all primary sources known us. Results novelty research: materials comprise: Ali-bek; princes” which speaks Arab origins Idegei Baba Tukles Shashty Aziz, a descendant...

with the ‘uthmānī muṣḥaf (copy of the qur’ān) having been inscribed and formalized, and upon the necessitation of reciting the qur’ān according to its orthography, the other muṣḥafs, including the muṣḥaf of ubayy b. ka‘b, gradually lost their competence. nevertheless, the ‘uthmānī muṣḥaf found its own qārīs (reciters) and qarā‘as and abū bakr b, mujāhid presented the qarā‘a of his own selection...

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un manuscrito conservado en la biblioteca de Universidad Bengasi (Libia) que contiene el Kitāb al-Ǧawhara fī nasab al-nabī ṣallā Allāh ʽalayhi wa-sallam wa-aṣḥābihi al-ʽašara por Abū ʽAbd Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr Mūsà al-Anṣārī al-Barrī al-Tilimsānī (596/1200-681/1282). Aunque ha sido mencionado algunas publicaciones, no llamó atención los especialistas h...

Virtual milieus are becoming a setting for great deal of intercultural contact. Learners engaged in virtual exchanges likely to encounter users from different nationalities who bring with them their culturally-grounded behaviors, beliefs and expectations as what is most appropriate interactions. Against this background, learners need specific skills, attitudes knowledge establish working relati...

Abstract The present paper examines the place of non-Islamic justice in two medieval Islamic political texts, Abū Bakr al-Ṭurṭūshī’s (d. 1126) Lamp Kings ( Sirāj al-Mulūk ) and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ibn Khaldūn’s 1406) Prolegomena Muqaddima ). By attempting to derive principles through reason, by repudiating claims that normative values are solely derived from revelation, both thinkers commit thorough...

This research examined the mechanisms for appointing state leaders in Islam. The was conducted by studying appointment of since time Prophet Muhammad PBUH, caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar bin Khathab, Uthman Affan, Ali Abi Talib. In addition, it also studied Saudi Arabia, Morocco, and Jordan which are considered Islamic countries. history, election carried out different forms. difference occurs based on...

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April 1, 2008; 294 (4): H1823-H1832. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Szabolcs, V. D'Agati, R. Liu, S. Homma, A. M. Schmidt, S. F. Yan and R. Ramasamy A. Aleshin, R. Ananthakrishnan, Q. Li, R. Rosario, Y. Lu, W. Qu, F. Song, S. Bakr, M. STAT signaling in a murine model RAGE modulates myocardial injury consequent to LAD infarction via impact on JNK and [PDF] [Ful...