We consider an Ito stochastic differential equation with delay, driven by brownian motion, whose solution, by an appropriate reformulation, defines a Markov process X with values in a space of continuous functions C, with generator L. We then consider a backward stochastic differential equation depending on X , with unknown processes (Y, Z), and we study properties of the resulting system, in p...

This paper takes a fresh look at the application of interval analysis to ordinary diierential equations and studies how consistency techniques can help address the accuracy problems typically exhibited by these methods, while trying to preserve their eeciency. It proposes to generalize interval techniques into a two-step process: a forward process that computes an enclosure and a backward proce...

In this study, we have designed and implemented a system that supports learners to use backward chaining to solve proof problems about the congruence of two triangles. In addition, we have carried out an evaluation experiment in a public junior high school to measure the learning effect of the system. As a result of hypothesis tests, for students with good pretest scores, the effect of the syst...

in this paper, a new method is introduced for improving the efficiency of the residue number system, which uses both binary and residue representations in order to represent a number. a residue number system uses the remainder of the division in several different modules. conversion of a number to smaller ones and carrying out parallel calculations on these numbers greatly increase the speed of...

background motor intervention plays an important role in reducing the disabilities of down syndrome (ds). a lack of balance and postural control has created motor problems in ds patients. therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of backward walking on postural stability of ds patients. materials and methods sixteen ds children with 8-10 age range were selected by convenience s...

We study a class of deceptively similar games, which however have different player sets and predictions that vary with their cardinality. The economic, biological, political, and psychological applications are many. The game-theoretic principles involved are compelling as predictions rely on weaker and less controversial epistemic foundations than needed to justify backward inductions more gene...

We use Backward Chaining Rule Induction (BCRI), a novel data mining method for hypothesizing causative mechanisms, to mine lung cancer gene expression array data for mechanisms that could impact survival. Initially, a supervised learning system is used to generate a prediction model in the form of "IF THEN " style rules. Next, each antecedent (i.e. an IF condition) of a pr...

Auction mechanisms have attracted a great deal of interest and have been used in diverse emarketplaces. In particular, combinatorial auctions have the potential to play an important role in electronic transactions. Therefore, diverse combinatorial auction market types have been proposed to satisfy market needs. These combinatorial auction types have diverse market characteristics, which require...