Wavelet transforms are an extremely powerful tool when it comes to processing signals that have very "low frequency" components or non-periodic events. Our particular interest here is in the ability of wavelet transforms to remove backgrounds of spectroscopic signals. We will discuss the case of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for illustration, but the situation it depicts is widespr...

This paper presents an efficient approach for moving objects detection and shadow removal from color videos obtained using stationary camera. A background subtraction technique based on modified adaptive GMM has been proposed for detecting moving objects. Speed-up techniques have also been applied to enhance the computational efficiency of the algorithm. Then, a robust algorithm for shadow remo...

Removing noise from piecewise constant (PWC) signals is a challenging signal processing problem arising in many practical contexts. For example, in exploration geosciences, noisy drill hole records need to be separated into stratigraphic zones, and in biophysics, jumps between molecular dwell states have to be extracted from noisy fluorescence microscopy signals. Many PWC denoising methods exis...

This paper develops and implements a mathematical framework that enables noise modeling and removal for any sensor that relies on discretely measured events. Here, we apply this technique to data from the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS), a time-of-flight mass spectrometer on the MESSENGER spacecraft. An iterative Monte Carlo event-processing algorithm is used to probabilistically separa...

In this paper, we propose a novel over-segmentation based method for the detection of foreground objects from a surveillance video by integrating techniques of background modeling and Markov Random Fields classification. Firstly, we introduce a fast affinity propagation clustering algorithm to produce the over-segmentation of a reference image by taking into account color difference and spatial...

Cardiac automaticity is partly due to a diastolic sodium current. Possible mediators of this include tetrodotoxin-sensitive "fast" channels, cesium-sensitive time-dependent pacemaker current channels, calcium-gated nonspecific channels, and electrogenic sodium-calcium exchange. We have studied the effects of abrupt sodium removal on membrane current and conductance in voltage-clamped chick embr...

This paper is concerned with an approach to the automated design of lters for background removal of bankchecks. The approach is derived from a simpli ed version of the morphological subtraction and its interpretation, using the 2DHistogram. From an empty bankcheck, a mask is computed, which can be added to every lled-in bankcheck of the same kind, ltering the user entered information parts with...

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy has developed into a powerful spectroscopic technique that has found wide application in the atomic scale characterization of the electronic properties of clean surfaces as well as adsorbates and defects at surfaces. However, it still lacks the standard methods for data treatment and removal of artifacts in spectra as they are, e.g., common in photoemission spect...

After applying the standard corrections for well-studied NICMOS anomalies, significant large-scale spatial background variation remains. We report on the detections of a sky-dependent fringe pattern in the F110W filter, and a time-dependent residual corner glow in the calibrated NICMOS deep science images. We also describe methods developed to further correct these anomalies. A model of the bac...

The Sign Language Recognition (SLR) system involves recognition of signs and their translation into normal spoken language. The hearing and speech impaired people are deeply associated with Sign Language as it is their fundamental medium of communication. Although such people can easily communicate amongst themselves, they face a serious challenge when they try to integrate into the educational...