Sewer infrastructures that are backfilled with available onsite expansive soils may be exposed to damages due seasonal ground movements. Therefore, for deep excavated trenches located in nontrafficable areas, the suitability of utilizing mixtures recycled materials as alternative backfilling lower sensitivity moisture variations was studied. Extensive environmental and geotechnical testing prog...

Coal mine backfilling can effectively prevent large-scale movement of rock formations, not only improving the overall production capacity but also protecting surface from destruction and maintaining original ecological environment. Backfilling extent backfills compactness are two factors determining supporting effect on overburdens in underground coal mines. To make full use aeolian sand as bac...

We have fabricated diamond-like silicon photonic crystals through a sequential silica/silicon chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process from the corresponding polymer templates photopatterned by holographic lithography. Core-shell morphology is revealed due to the partial backfilling of the interstitial pores. To model the shell formation and investigate its effect to the bandgap properties, we d...

Introduction Lasing and amplification by rare-earth doped polymer materials has been widely investigated [1-2]. In our previous work [3], a Nd(TTA)3phen doped 6-FDA epoxy film was spin-coated on an thermally oxidized wafer. The Judd-Ofelt analysis based on the absorption spectrum shows that this neodymium doped polymer material has a good potential to be used as a planar waveguide in lasers or ...

In this dissertation, we demonstrate the fabrication of high fidelity 3D photonic crystal through polymer template fabrication, backfilling and template removal to obtain high index inversed inorganic photonic crystals (PCs). Along the line, we study the photoresist chemistry to minimize the shrinkage, backfilling strategies for complete infiltration, and template removal at high and low temper...