The Internet has traditionally relied on end-to-end congestion control performed at the transport layer by TCP. In this paper, we discuss the limitations of this approach to address the large number of ows and the large delay-bandwidth product scenarios typical of next generation Internets. As a result, we propose a link layer back-pressure ow control which can be applied to Internet backbones ...

IEEE is currently conducting an effort to standardize a full duplex, spatial reuse, ring network architecture, called the Resilient Packet Ring (IEEE P802.17). We discuss use of backpressure flow-control for congested stations to communicate their congestion state to their upstream stations and the use of fairness algorithms to ensure fair allocation of network resources between stations on suc...

• In spite of the fact that much is known regarding various factors which determine blood pressure, the mechanism (s) responsible for hypertension remain elusive. The mystery applies not only to essential hypertension, but also to renal and, indeed, even to the hyper-tension associated with coarctation, adrenal tumors, and elevated intraeranial pressure. Almost characteristically, investigators...

Congestion control of Internet Best Effort traffic relies mostly on TCP window flow control of individual sessions. This paper argues that such approach does not scale well to a very large number of simultaneously active flows, typical of backbones characterized by large delay-bandwidth products. In this scenario, the TCP window sizes tend to be small and dropping or marking packets alone is no...

The control of a network of signalized intersections is considered. Previous works proposed a feedback control belonging to the family of the so-called back-pressure controls that ensures provably maximum stability given pre-specified routing probabilities. However, this optimal back-pressure controller (BP*) requires routing rates and a measure of the number of vehicles queuing at a node for e...

This study examined whether subjects with chronic low back pain demonstrate exercise-induced analgesia to experimentally induced pressure pain. We employed a repeated measures design to study eight subjects with chronic low back pain (mean +/- standard deviation age = 40 +/- 10, duration of pain = 7 +/- 4 years). Pain ratings were measured immediately before and 2 minutes and 32 minutes after 2...

Perfusion abnormalities in the pressure-overloaded hypertrophied left ventricle could result from an increase in minimum coronary resistance or an increase in effective back pressure due to increased extravascular compressive forces. Since the pressure-flow relation of the maximally vasodilated coronary bed allows dissociation of minimum resistance (inverse slope [1/acPFI) and back pressure (pr...

Perfusion abnormalities in the pressure-overloaded hypertrophied left ventricle could result from an increase in minimum coronary resistance or an increase in effective back pressure due to increased extravascular compressive forces. Since the pressure-flow relation of the maximally vasodilated coronary bed allows dissociation of minimum resistance (inverse slope [1/acPFI) and back pressure (pr...