To quote Shannon from his paper A Mathematical theory of communication: “The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point.” The basic setup of the communication problem consists of a source that generates digital information which is to reliably communicated to a destination through a channel, prefer...

Divergent transcription from within bacterial intergenic regions frequently involves promoters dependent on alternative σ-factors. This is the case for the non-overlapping σ70- and σ54-dependent promoters that control production of the substrate-responsive regulator and enzymes for (methyl)phenol catabolism. Here, using an array of in vivo and in vitro assays, we identify transcription-driven s...

Power line channels are often badly corrupted by impulsive noise. In this paper, an impulsive noise cancellation method for MIMO power line communication is proposed. First, the received signal is transformed into frequency domain and MIMO detection is carried out. Then, the detected signal is transformed back to time domain and the noise estimation can be obtained by subtracting detected signa...

Sign languages modulate the production of signs in space and use this spatial modulation to refer back to entities-to maintain coreference. We ask here whether spatial modulation is so fundamental to language in the manual modality that it will be invented by individuals asked to create gestures on the spot. English speakers were asked to describe vignettes under 2 conditions: using gesture wit...

how does a journalist or an editor decide which news is worthy and which is not? according to some media researchers, they refer to a set of news values. one of the best known lists of such news values have been supplied by johan galtung and marie h. ruge. an analytical discussion on news values always refers to this list, which initially intended to cover international events. these factors i...

The Go-Back-N and Selective-Repeat automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols are widely used for error control in computer-communication networks. They are nearly optimal for channels characterized by low error rates and small propagation delays, and thus suitable for many classical data transmission applications. However, these protocols are not eecient for modern non-conventional channels with...