Spores of Bacillus species are said to be committed when they continue through nutrient germination even when germinants are removed or their binding to spores' nutrient germinant receptors (GRs) is both reversed and inhibited. Measurement of commitment and the subsequent release of dipicolinic acid (DPA) during nutrient germination of spores of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis showed that...

A statistical evaluation of viable count procedures utilized for obtaining treatment survival curve data for Bacillus subtilis NCTC 8236 spores is described. Within the various recovery conditions tested, incubation on nutrient agar containing 1% dextrose for 48 hr at 37 C was found to promote the highest count of viable spores surviving a variety of bactericidal treatments involving gamma irra...

Heat-resistant microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis spores derived from soil may exist in soybean milk and can reduce the shelf life of tofu produced from conventional processing of soybean milk. Conventional high-temperature, long-time heat processing of soybean milk sufficiently inactivates spores of this organism. An apparatus to pasteurize soybean milk using radio-frequency flash heatin...

Amino acid sequence analysis of tryptic peptides derived from purified penicillin-binding protein PBP2a of Bacillus subtilis identified the coding gene (now termed pbpA) as yqgF, which had been sequenced as part of the B. subtilis genome project; pbpA encodes a 716-residue protein with sequence similarity to class B high-molecular-weight PBPs. Use of a pbpA-lacZ fusion showed that pbpA was expr...

There is a lack of data for how the viability of biological agents may degrade over time in different environments. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the persistence of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis spores on outdoor materials with and without exposure to simulated sunlight, using ultraviolet (UV)-A/B radiation. Spores were inoculated onto glass, wood, concrete, ...

Bacillus subtilis (isolate B246), Bacillus cereus (isolate B247 and B249) and Bacillus licheniformis (isolate B248) were inhibitory to avocado post-harvest pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phomopsis perseae, Drechslera setariae, Pestalotiopsis versicolor and Fusarium solani; when tested with the dual culture technique. In vitro growth of Thyronectria pseudotrichia was not suppressed by...

The synthesis of teichoic acids has been examined during germination in Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945 and in B. subtilis W-23. Teichoic acids are absent from the spores of both organisms. B. licheniformis spores lack the enzymes responsible for teichoic acid synthesis. The appearance of these enzymes during germination is correlated with the appearance of teichoic acids in the cell. The appe...

Dolomite is a double salt composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). The heat treatment of CaCO3 and MgCO3 respectively generates calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO), which have antimicrobial activity. In this study, heated dolomite powder (HDP) slurry was investigated for its sporicidal activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 spores. The B. subtilis s...

The study evaluated the dose–response relationship of two commercial microbial biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis and Gliocladium catenulatum, against Botrytis cinerea both in vitro vivo. Inoculum doses, formulation, temperature foliar leaf part all affected control achieved by BCAs. In competition assays on modified PDA plates tested a range BCA doses (log10 3–10 CFUs or spores/droplet) at 4...

Germinated spores of Bacillus subtilis were incubated in outgrowth medium and tested periodically for capacity to sporulate when suspended in sporulation medium. Concurrent measurements were made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content and numbers of cell division septa and nucleoids. Sporulation potential is shown to reach a peak at about 110 min at which time the chromosomes are probably well ...