Background: Non-specific immunotherapy using Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is currently the preferred treatment to prevent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence after surgery. However, it remains suboptimal as recurrences and progressions are respectively observed in 60% and 20% of cases. Among the most promising alternative approaches to BCG is the blockade of immune checkpoin...

BACKGROUND Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is performed as a part of expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI). Suppurative lymphadenitis is the common complication of BCG vaccination. The optimum treatment for this complication is debated. METHODS All cases of BCG lymphadenitis presenting to pediatric surgical service over a 17-year study period were reviewed to determine the optim...

We present a rare case of tuberculous spondylitis following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for bladder cancer. An 82-year-old man presented with low back pain. Past medical history revealed bladder cancer diagnosed and treated 16 months previously by intravesical BCG. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine showed destruction of the T5 and T6 vertebrae and an epidu...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis (IC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen patients with refractory IC were enrolled in the study. They were scheduled to receive 6 weekly courses of treatment with intravesical BCG. Variables including the frequency, nocturia,...

A 57-year-old male was found to have papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and underwent a tranurethral resection of the tumor. He suffered from multiple asymptomatic red papules on glans penis after 9 th intravesical therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG ). His left inguinal lymph node was enlarged and tender. The skin lesions were found to be due to suppurative gra...