Genetic analysis of plant–pathogen interactions has demonstrated that resistance to infection is often determined by the interaction of dominant plant resistance (R) genes and dominant pathogen-encoded avirulence (Avr) genes. It was postulated that R genes encode receptors for Avr determinants. A large number of R genes and their cognate Avr genes have now been analyzed at the molecular level. ...

Introduction Histological studies show that myocardial fibrosis accompanies cellular hypertrophy in severe aortic stenosis (AS). Following valve replacement (AVR), left ventricular regresses by 20%-30% one year (1) and both may regress as early 6 months post AVR (2, 3). With T1 mapping, CMR can measure diffuse quantifying extracellular volume fraction (ECV) which reflects the of myocar...

To test the hypothesis that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is not routinely required in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) who have coexistent coronary artery disease (CAD), we compared the results of operation in 55 consecutive symptomatic patients who had CAD and underwent AVR without CABG with results in another 142 patients without CAD who underwent AVR during the sa...

OBJECTIVE We sought to assess whether aortic valve replacement (AVR) among patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and a low transvalvular gradient (TVG) is associated with improved survival. BACKGROUND The optimal management of patients with severe AS with severe LV dysfunction and a low TVG remains controversial. METHODS Between 1990 and 1998, w...

OBJECTIVES Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been proposed as a treatment alternative for patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) at high or prohibitive risk for surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). We aimed to assess real-world outcomes after treatment according to the decisions of the multidisciplinary heart team. METHODS At a tertiary centre, all high-risk patients re...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) can cause hyperacute rejection and immediate graft loss after renal transplantation; however, its prevalence and significance during acute rejection are unknown. Previous studies suggested that AECA may be detected in recipients with acute vascular rejection (AVR). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We retrospectively ...

BACKGROUND The ideal aortic valve substitute in young and middle-aged adults remains unknown. We sought to compare the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing the Ross procedure and those receiving a mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS From 1990 to 2014, 258 patients underwent a Ross procedure and 1444 had a mechanical AVR at a single institution. Patients were matched into 2...

Mobile phone can serve as powerful tool for world-wide communication. A system is developed to remotely monitor process through spoken commands using mobile. Mel cepstrum features are extracted from spoken words. Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network is used for recognition of various words used in the command. The accuracy of spoken commands is about 98%. A text message is generated and ...