Lebanon hosts the highest per capita refugee concentration worldwide. The Palestinian presence in Lebanon dates from 1948 and they remain a marginalized population. No information on their food security status has been reported previously. A survey of a representative sample of Palestinian refugee households in Lebanon (n = 2501) was conducted using a stratified two stage cluster sampling appro...

Without doubt information and communication technologies (ICTs) continue to change the world to varying degrees from one place to another, depending on a number of technological and socio-economical factors such as: physical access to technology, education, geographical locations, language and gender (Warschauer, 2002; Chen & Wellman, 2003; Nahon, 2006). As a result of these factors the rates o...

A recent review of the self-esteem literature suggests that high self-esteem (HSE) is a heterogeneous construct with adaptive and harmful aspects. One promising solution to addressing this heterogeneity is to consider two types of HSE: secure and insecure. Operationalized here as the interaction of self-esteem and narcissism, insecure HSE should predict maladaptive outcomes. Two studies explore...

Security has emerged as the biggest threat to information systems. System protection mechanisms such as access controls can be fooled by authorized but malicious users, masqueraders, and trespassers. As a result, serious damage can be caused either because many intrusions are never detected or because the average detection latency is too long. In this paper, we define Intrusion Confinement thro...

We examine the effect of insecure property and its accompanying enforcement costs on the ef®ciency of exchange. Because of the large enforcement costs that may be induced by the expectation of exchange, limited settlement without exchange may be ex ante superior for an adversary or even Pareto dominant. We therefore show how the removal of restrictions on exchange and the development of secure ...