For an uninterrupted power supply, renewable energy promises to be a suitable alternative compared the conventional sources. System delays or communication may cause significant synchronization imbalances between various components in big electrical grids. Since properties of solar and wind generation constantly change with climatic circumstances, engineers encounter many difficulties when subs...

This paper integrates Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) to propose a DPSO-SQP method for solving unit commitment problems ancillary services. Through analysis of services, including Automatic Generation Control (AGC), Real Spinning Reserve (RSR), Supplemental (SR), the cost model was developed. With requirements energy balance, operating cons...

Robust control has emerged as a new field of control engineering research that primarily deals with obtaining system robustness in presences of uncertainties. In this paper, a graphical design method for obtaining the entire range of PI controller gains that robustly stabilize a non reheat AGC plant in presence of additive uncertainty is discussed. This design method mainly depends on the frequ...

The frequency diversion in hybrid power systems is a major challenge due to the unpredictable generation of renewable energies. An automatic controller (AGC) system utilised correct when energies and consumers’ load demand are changing rapidly. While neural network (NN) model based on back-propagation (BP) training algorithm commonly used design AGCs, it requires complicated methodology longer ...

Search-based optimization methods have been used for software engineering activities such as software testing. In the field of software testing, search-based test data generation refers to application of meta-heuristic optimization methods to generate test data that cover the code space of a program. Automatic test data generation that can cover all the paths of software is known as a major cha...

As synchronous generators (SGs) are gradually displaced by renewable energy sources (RESs), the frequency stability of power systems deteriorates because RESs, represented utility-scale solar and wind sources, do not provide inertial response, primary secondary tertiary regulation. a result, remaining SGs may be sufficient to maintain balance stability. The concept control strategies virtual (V...

Modern power systems are largely based on renewable energy sources, especially wind power. However, power, due to its intermittent nature and associated forecasting errors, requires an additional amount of balancing provided through the automatic generation control (AGC) system. In normal operation, AGC dispatch is fixed participation factor taking into account only economic operation generatin...

A simulation model based on Dymola modelling was developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of automatic generation control (AGC) for variable-load thermal power units in this study. Specifically, a 300 MW unit from plant northern China used verify model’s validity steady-state processes and analyze behavior main parameters under different rates load changes. The economic performance ...

We investigate the effects of quantization and AGC (Automatic Gain Control) in MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) wireless systems. We derive the cutoff rate equations for a deterministic MIMO channel with quantization at the receiver inputs and demonstrate by numerical simulation the dependence of the cutoff rate on the receiver AGC settings. Then we propose a fast AGC algorithm to maximize...

The PID controller still remains a widely used and very effective means of achieving stability in control systems. Generally, the performance is determined by proportional, integral derivative gains controller. classical techniques: Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) open loop method; ZN closed Chien-Hrones-Reswick (C-H-R) load rejection meta-heuristic technique: fuzzy logic algorithm, are to determine tunin...