let $gamma_{n,kappa}$ be the class of all graphs with $ngeq3$ vertices and $kappageq2$ vertex connectivity. denote by $upsilon_{n,beta}$ the family of all connected graphs with $ngeq4$ vertices and matching number $beta$ where $2leqbetaleqlfloorfrac{n}{2}rfloor$. in the classes of graphs $gamma_{n,kappa}$ and $upsilon_{n,beta}$, the elements having maximum augmented zagreb index are determined.

The development in technology opened the door of fiction and reached reality. Major medical applications deals on robot-assisted surgery and image guided surgery. Because of this, substantial research is going on to implement Augmented Reality (AR) in instruments which incorporate the surgeon’s intuitive capabilities. Augmented reality is the grouping of virtual entity or 3D stuffs which are ov...

The graphical overlay of additional medical information over the patient during a surgical procedure has long been considered one of the most promising applications of augmented reality. While many experimental systems for augmented reality in medicine have reached an advanced state and can deliver high-quality augmented video streams, they usually depend heavily on specialized dedicated hardwa...

Image-guided surgical systems are increasingly becoming established tools for visual aid in several interventional procedures. In this paper, we introduce a prototypic add-on system for enhancing the intraoperative visualization within a navigated spine surgery utilizing an extended reality approach. In essence, operation-specific important anatomical structures are segmented from preoperative ...

We describe our development of a complete real-time stereoscopic augmented reality system that overlays laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) images on stereoscopic laparoscopic video for conventional laparoscopic surgery. The system was designed and developed to achieve near-term clinical evaluation as a primary goal. Special consideration was paid to system interactivity, accuracy and easy integratio...

The potential of augmented reality (AR) technology to assist minimally invasive surgery (MIS) lies in its computational performance and accuracy in dealing with challenging MIS scenes. Even with the latest hardware and software technologies, achieving both real-time and accurate augmented information overlay in MIS is still a formidable task. In this Letter, the authors present a novel real-tim...

Training in robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery is crucial, but the training with actual surgery robots is relatively expensive. Therefore, improving the efficiency of this training is of great interest in robotic surgical education. One of the current limitations of this training is the limited visual communication between the instructor and the trainee. As the trainee’s view is limite...

In laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon must operate with a limited field of view and reduced depth perception. This makes spatial understanding of critical structures difficult, such as an endophytic tumour in a partial nephrectomy. Such tumours yield a high complication rate of 47%, and excising them increases the risk of cutting into the kidney's collecting system. To overcome these challenges,...

One of the major challenges in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) such as laparoscopy is the lack of depth perception. In recent years, laparoscopic scene tracking and surface reconstruction has been a focus of investigation to provide rich additional information to aid the surgical process and compensate for the depth perception issue. However, robust 3D surface reconstruction and augmented real...