253 A central premise in the “catecholamine hypothesis” of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is that dopamine (DA) dysfunction leads to clinical symptoms. The hypothesis arises, in part, from the clinical efficacy of methylphenidate, as well as evidence from brain imaging studies that suggest reduced activity in frontal-striatal regions. The theory, however, overlooks the phenotyp...

Through the combined use of (18)F-fallypride positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging this study examined the neural mechanisms underlying the attentional deficits associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their potential reversal with a single therapeutic dose of methylphenidate. Sixteen adult patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 16 m...

OBJECTIVE Methylphenidate has prominent effects in the dopamine-rich striatum that are absent for the selective norepinephrine transporter inhibitor atomoxetine. This study tested whether baseline striatal activation would predict differential response to the two medications in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD A total of 36 youth with ADHD performed a Go/No-G...

Abstract Introduction Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant used as first-line treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). CNS use associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events such resting heart rate and blood pressure, sudden cardiac death, arrhythmia, stroke. Its safety profile in recipients transplants unknown, more research warranted to determin...

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have been associated with many complex diseases including neuropsychiatric diseases, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In ADHD an over-expression of HERV-H family in peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been documented. It has been hypothesized that HERVs may represent the link between genetic and environmental risk factors, contrib...

Clinical trials have suggested that neurofeedback may be efficient in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We compared the effects of a 3-month electroencephalographic feedback program providing reinforcement contingent on the production of cortical sensorimotor rhythm (12-15 Hz) and betal activity (15-18 Hz) with stimulant medication. Participants were N = 34 children aged...

The article discusses the role of inflammatory reactions in formation attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on a wide and modern material, mechanisms development oxidative stress with free radicals are considered, which, turn, initiate cascade reactions. Inflammation factors analyzed detail, biomarkers neuroinflammation distinguished their changing neurotransmitter balance is r...

a recent randomized clinical trial showed buspirone efficacy in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) in children. however, results from a recent multi-site controlled clinical trial of transdermal buspirone failed to separate it from placebo in a large sample of children with adhd. therefore, due to these inconsistent findings, this study was designed to assess the e...

introduction: children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have problem in sustain attention that is necessary for learning. the purpose of present study is comparing explicit and implicit memory in children with attention deficit disorder and typically developing children. material and methods: in present cross sectional study, fifteen children with attention deficit disorder compare...

Abstract Risk evaluation is a critical component of decision making. tolerance relevant in both daily decisions and pathological disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), where impulsivity cardinal symptom. Methylphenidate, commonly prescribed drug ADHD, improves attention but has mixed reports on risk-based Using double-blinded placebo protocol, we studied the risk att...