nowadays, using public transportation vehicles like metro in large cities are of significance, and exposure to whole-body vibration for the metro passengers is one of the physical contaminations. this paper is conducted with the aim of evaluating the passengers’ convenience and health both in sitting and standing conditions. the present study was done on the passengers of lines 1, 2, and 4 of t...

We consider the problem of designing hierarchical two layer ring networks. The top layer consists of a federal-ring which establishes connection between a number of node disjoint metro-rings in a bottom layer. The objective is to minimize the costs of links in the network, taking both the fixed link establishment costs and the link capacity costs into account. Hierarchical ring network design p...

These global economic trends tend to favor large metropolitan areas. For reasons of industrial clustering, human capital, and financial resources, metro areas have captured most of the jobs in the new economy. Between 1978 and 1997 employment in metro areas in the South increased by 63.7% while employment in nonmetro areas grew by only 28.9%. And in many nonmetro counties lower-paying jobs in s...

In Ihis paper, [he capacity and ihe interference statistics of the sectors of the cigar-shaped WCDMA microcells are studied using the hybrid model of propagation. A model of nine microcells in a metro tunnel is used 10 analyze the uplink capacity and the interference statistics. The capacity and the interference statistics of the microcells in metro tunnels are studied in this work for differen...

Banks in non-metropolitan areas compete in a spatially differentiated environment. Non-metro community banks have been insulated from increasing competition from metro banks due to their reliance on soft information in relationship lending. Proximity to borrowers, therefore, may be an important source of market power for non-metro community banks. This paper estimates a structural model of the ...

This social science case study examines the sex trafficking of women and girls in Metro Manila through a public health lens. Through key informant interviews with 51 health care and anti-trafficking stakeholders in Metro Manila, this study reports on observations about sex trafficking in Metro Manila that provide insight into understanding of risk factors for sex trafficking at multiple levels ...

We present Tidebanan (Time Way), an interactive visualization of the history of the metro system of Stockholm from 1949 to 2014 that includes a projection to 2025. The analytics tool visually correlates the growth of the metro system with the changing demographic density of Stockholm. Interestingly, we discover patterns of density decrease in central Stockholm as new metro lines open, in partic...

We consider the problem of drawing a set of simple paths along the edges of an embedded underlying graph G = (V,E) so that the total number of crossings among pairs of paths is minimized. This problem arises when drawing metro maps, where the embedding of G depicts the structure of the underlying network, the nodes of G correspond to train stations, an edge connecting two nodes implies that the...