A large-eddy simulation model developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is extended to simulate the transport and diffusion of C18OO, H2O and CO2 in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The simulation results show that the 18O compositions of leaf water and the ABL CO2 are moderately sensitive to wind speed. The variations in the 18O composition of water vapour are an or...

Measurements of dissolved methane in the ocean have been available for only about 50 years. Methane measurements in sediments, where concentrations are millimolar, were first reported in the mid-1950s, while measurements of methane in ocean waters, where concentrations are nanomolar, were first reported in the late 1960s. Methane is the most abundant hydrocarbon in the atmosphere, where it play...

The warming trend for the entire globe (1850 to 2005) is 0.04°C decade–1. A specific warming period started around 1980 and continues until the present. This warming also occurred in the Baltic Sea catchment, which lies between maritime temperate and continental subarctic climate zones. A detailed study of climate variability and the associated impact on the Baltic Sea area for the period 1958 ...

The annular mode simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model with a zonally symmetric lower boundary is investigated. The annular mode, defined as the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of the zonal-mean surface pressure, has a meridional structure consisting of a north–south dipole, similar to observations. The leading EOF of the zonally varying surface pressure has the same...

The leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of the sea level pressure (SLP) field, referred to as the Arctic Oscillation (AO) or Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM), consists of a dipole between the polar cap region and the surrounding zonal ring centered along 458N. Embedded within the outer ring are centers of action over the Euro-Atlantic and Pacific sectors in which SLP fluctuates in...

citation Penskar, M.R. 2004. Special plant abstract for Euphorbia commutata (tinted spurge). Michigan Natural Features Inventory. Lansing, MI. 3 pp. Copyright 2004 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity organization. Funding for abstract provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Co...

background: adolescence is a critical stage of growth and development. that is associated with changes in body shape and appearance. issues such as irregular menstrual periods, amenorrhea, and menstrual cycle are major issues in women's health. the purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of physical puberty health based on the health belief model (hbm) among female adolescents.   ...