The goal of knee ligament reconstruction is to return the athlete to the previous level of function as quickly and as safely as possible. The appropriate level of aggressiveness in returning the athlete to sport remains controversial. Information in the literature regarding safe return to play has been dominated by the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction literature. The basic concep...

In using an ISP in conjunction with a structured rehabilitation program, the athlete should be able to return to full competition status. The general guidelines and specific programs outlined are used to minimize the chance of reinjury and to facilitate the return of function and confidence in the athlete. The program and its progression should be modified to meet the specific needs of each ind...

In this exploratory study, we examined hypothesized antecedents (basic psychological needs) and consequences (dispositional flow) of athlete engagement (AE); plus the extent to which AE mediated the relationship between basic needs and flow. Structural equation modeling with a sample of 201 elite Canadian athletes (60.20% female, mean age = 22.92 years) showed that needs satisfaction (particula...

An elite athlete is a rare combination of talent, hard work and the right psychological profile. In sports today, everyone knows the best training methods, has access to the best facilities and most nutritional foods. Often the difference between the good and the elite is the mental qualities of the athletes. The focus of this paper is on three psychological characteristics athletes: confidence...

There is preliminary evidence that athletes involved in high-intensity sports for sustained periods have a higher probability of experiencing a prolonged second stage of labour compared to non-athletes. The mechanisms responsible for these differences are not clear, although it is postulated that muscle hypertrophy and increased muscle tone in athletes may contribute to difficulties in vaginal ...

Research question According to past research, the effectiveness of athlete endorsements advertised products is low on average and strongly depends context. This article extends source attractiveness model examine two research questions: (1) How do multiple unexplored types an endorser’s affect customer equity drivers? (2) these effects vary by fit endorser with endorsed product consumer’s gende...

BACKGROUND Female college basketball and soccer athletes have higher rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury than do their male counterparts. Rates of anterior cruciate ligament injuries for women and men in collegiate lacrosse have not been examined. Understanding anterior cruciate ligament injury patterns in lacrosse, a full-contact sport for men and noncontact sport for women, could furth...

The aim of this study is to examine the attachment styles in relationships between coach and individual team sports athlete. Attachment are related how people interact with other they influenced by their experiences. may vary stability later a person’s life. Because this, it possible that athletes, coaches or educators can be each environments. Relations coach-athlete/athlete-coach very importa...

Background: Prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) among college-aged athletes has risen in recent years. Although measures exist for assessing EDs, these measures have not been thoroughly reviewed in athletes. This study reviewed the validity and reliability evidence of the commonly used measures for assessing EDs in athlete populations aged 18e26 years. Methods: Databases were searched for stud...