this study was conducted based on primary data collected using a questionnaire. a total of 90 respondents among farmers associations were interviewed in kano state of nigeria. therefore, double stage stratified and purposive simple random sampling technique was used to select 30 respondents in each of three (3) farmers associations, one from each of the three (3) agricultural zones of the state...

schizophrenia is a complex disorder with polygenic inheritance. the mthfr gene (omim: 607093) plays an important role in the folate metabolism. it has been suggested that c677t (rs1801133) and a1298c (rs1801131) genetic polymorphisms in the mthfr gene lead to the decreased activity of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme which may have significant effect on developing schizophrenia. w...

traditional training which also is called (foreman-peupite) is the eldest training systems in the world. although this system, can not be used as a modern engineering education but it has several factors which could be modified for engineering education and training factor such as occupational goals, on job training and how a turnyman to be come a foman. the paper is dealt with districts and ad...

Data mining has been an area of increasing interests during recent years. The association rule discovery problem in particular has been widely studied. However, there are still some unresolved problems. For example, research on mining patterns in the evolution of numerical attributes is still lacking. This is both a challenging problem and one with significant practical application in business,...

Association rules are typically used to describe what items are frequently bought together. One could also use them in web usage mining to describe the pages that are often visited together. In this paper, we propose an extension to association rules by the introduction of timing constraints. Subsequently, the introduced concepts are used in an experiment to pre-process logfiles for web usage m...

The KDD process aims at the discovery and extraction of “useful” knowledge (such as interesting patterns, classification, rules etc) from large data repositories. A widely recognized requirement is that the patterns discovered must be valid and ultimately comprehensible (i.e., to be easily understood by analysts). Another requirement that is under-addressed in KDD process is the reveal and the ...

There is a growing awareness that the popular support metric (often used to guide search in market-basket analysis) is not appropriate for use in every association mining application. Support measures only the frequency of co-occurrence of a set of events when determining which patterns to report back to the user. It incorporates no rigorous statistical notion of surprise or interest, and many ...

We review the main properties of the quality measure MGK, which has been shown to be the normalized quality measure associated to most of the quality measures used in the data mining literature, and which enables to handle negative association rules. On the other hand, we characterize bases for MGK-valid association rules in terms of a closure operator induced by a Galois connection. Thus, thes...

In recent years pleiotropy, the phenomenon of one genetic locus influencing several traits, has become a widely researched field in human genetics. With the increasing availability of genome-wide association study summary statistics, as well as the establishment of deeply phenotyped sample collections, it is now possible to systematically assess the genetic overlap between multiple traits and d...

This paper presents an analysis of semantic association norms for German nouns. In contrast to prior studies, we not only collected associations elicited by written representations of target objects but also by their pictorial representations. In a first analysis, we identified systematic differences in the type and distribution of associate responses for the two presentation forms. In a second...