The Cancer/Testis (CT) antigen family of genes are transcriptionally repressed in most human tissues but are atypically re-expressed in many malignant tumour types. Their restricted expression profile makes CT antigens ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. As little is known about whether CT antigens may be regulated by post-translational processing, we investigated the mechanisms governing d...

leptospirosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. currently, multivalent whole-cell leptospiral vaccines can induce protection against leptospirosis. therefore, preparation and formulation of new generations of vaccines that can stimulate long-term immunity for leptospirosis control are essential. the aim of this study was to prepare and characterize alginate microspheres ...

the liver fluke fasciola hepatica causes fascioliasis, a liver disease in most part of the world and particularly in north of iran. diagnosis of the diseases is anchored in coprological manner but serological methods are preferable due to some obscurities. in this study, sera obtained from human patients infected with fasciola hepatica were tested by the enzymelinked immunotrotransfer blot (eit...

As the COVID-19 epidemic is still ongoing, a more rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection such as viral antigen-detection needs to be evaluated for early diagnosis disease. Here, we report dynamic changes antigens in nasopharyngeal swabs patients and its association with nucleic acid clearance clinical outcomes. Eighty-five were enrolled antigens, including 57 anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative ...

BACKGROUND HIV adherence to erythrocytes has been demonstrated in vitro, and it has been suggested that erythrocytes may be carriers of the virus. However, the association between HIV particles or viral proteins and erythrocytes in HIV-infected individuals is still to be elucidated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS HIV-positive participants (n =112) were classified into two groups according to ...

Cancer immunotherapy relies on the ability of the immune system to target tumor-specific antigens to generate an immune response. This initial response requires both binding of the MHC/antigen peptide to T-cell receptor complex, along with a second costimulatory signal created by the binding of CD28 on the T cell, with B7 located on the antigen-presenting cell. Regulatory checkpoints, such as c...

MYCN is a well-known oncogene over-expressed in different human malignancies including neuroblastoma (NB), rhabdomyosarcoma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, Wilms' tumor, and small cell lung cancer. In the case of NB, MYCN amplification is an established biomarker of poor-prognosis. MYCN belongs to a family of transcription factors (the most important of which is C-MYC) that show a high degree of...

Monocytes, plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells are crucial for antiviral immune responses. A new study now compares severe moderate cases of COVID-19 links defects in viral sensing, interferon antigen presentation pathways, associated with upregulated apoptosis inflammatory to high severity.

Using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, it was demonstrated that human cytotrophoblast of six to ten weeks gestation contains mouse mammary tumor virus associated antigen. This antigen appeared predominantly in the periphery of the cells.