The design of artificial metalloenzymes has achieved tremendous progress, although few designs can achieve catalytic performances comparable to that of native enzymes. Moreover, the structure and function of artificial metalloenzymes in non-native states has rarely been explored. Herein, we found that a c-type cytochrome b5 (Cyt b5), N57C/S71C Cyt b5, with heme covalently attached to the protei...

We present a model of decentralized growth for Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) inspired by the development and the physiology of real nervous systems. In this model, each individual artificial neuron is an autonomous unit whose behavior is determined only by the genetic information it harbors and local concentrations of substrates modeled by a simple artificial chemistry. Gene expression is m...

conclusions according to the results of the present study, aerobic exercise at moderate intensity and proper time can be considered as a special treatment to prevent diabetes complications and related disorders, particularly obesity. objectives this study aimed to determine whether in patients with type 2 diabetes, substrate oxidation and energy expenditure were affected by the type of intensit...

In this paper, we propose a general design of rectangular microstrip antenna with and without rectangular aperture over ground plane, based on artificial neural networks (ANN) in conjunction with spectral domain formulation. In the design procedure, syntheses ANN model is used as feed forward network to determine the resonant frequency and bandwidth. Analysis ANN model is used as the reversed o...

The article presents the results of studying reaction tomato plants to an artificial substrate on which they are grown with all other things being equal — lighting, nutrition, temperature, and etc. Among studied parameters, reacted greatest extent average daily growth, filling fruits, mainly influenced yield tomatoes.

Rat hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase requires both a tetrahydropterin cofactor and molecular oxygen to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. During the physiological hydroxylation, a single mol of the natural cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin, is oxidized for each mol of phenylalanine converted to tyrosine. Artificial conditions have been devised in which the oxidation of the tetrahydropterin is unco...

A statistical model, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), has been developed for the aerobic suspended growth Wastewater Treatment (WWT) plant. The paper presents the way ANN model has been designed and trained. The emerged recurrent ANN model has been used to perform WWT control using Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm. Model Predictive Control of the WWT soluble substrate and dissolv...

This paper demonstrates the advantages of magnetic loading within the substrate of an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) surface. A conventional EBG surface has been shown to act as an artificial magnetic conductor over a narrow bandwidth. This paper demonstrates that by magnetic loading of the substrate, increased operating bandwidth is achieved for each resonant frequency. In addition, previous re...

We consider the sticking of a fluid-immersed colloidal particle with a substrate coated by polymeric tethers, a model for soft, wet adhesion in many natural and artificial systems. Our theory accounts for the kinetics of binding, the elasticity of the tethers, and the hydrodynamics of fluid drainage between the colloid and the substrate, characterized by three dimensionless parameters: the rati...

A polyubiquitin chain anchored to the substrate has been the hallmark of proteasomal recognition. However, the degradation signal appears to be more complex and to contain also a substrate's unstructured region. Recent reports have shown that the proteasome can degrade also monoubiquitylated proteins, which adds an additional layer of complexity to the signal. Here, we demonstrate that the size...