During eating, the teeth usually endure the sharply temperature changes because of different foods. It is of importance to investigate the heat transfer and heat dissipation behavior of the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) of human tooth since dentine and enamel have different thermophysical properties. The spatial and temporal temperature distributions on the enamel, dentine, and pulpal chamber o...

A crystal growth apparatus was designed and built to study the effect of growth modifiers, antifreeze proteins and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), on ice crystal growth kinetics and morphology. We used a capillary growth technique to obtain a single ice crystal with well-defined crystallographic orientation grown in AFGP solution. The basal plane was readily observed by rotation of the capill...

INTRODUCTION Stepped care strategies are potentially effective to organise integrated care but unknown is whether they function well in practice. This paper evaluates the implementation of a stepped care programme for depression in primary care and secondary care. THEORY AND METHODS We developed a stepped care algorithm for diagnostics and treatment of depression, supported by a liaison-consu...

BACKGROUND Screening for alcohol use disorders identifies a wide range of needs, varying from hazardous and harmful drinking to alcohol dependence. Stepped care offers a potentially resource-efficient way of meeting these needs, but requires evaluation in a randomised controlled trial. AIMS To evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of opportunistic screening and a step...

We describe a method to make even insulation layers for high-pressure laser-heated diamond-anvil cell samples using stepped anvils. The method works for both single-sided and double-sided laser heating using solid or fluid insulation. The stepped anvils are used as matched pairs or paired with a flat culet anvil to make gasket insulation layers and not actually used at high pressures; thus, the...

The eukaryotic RFC clamp loader couples the energy of ATP hydrolysis to open and close the circular PCNA sliding clamp onto primed sites for use by DNA polymerases and repair factors. Structural studies reveal clamp loaders to be heteropentamers. Each subunit contains a region of homology to AAA+ proteins that defines two domains. The AAA+ domains form a right-handed spiral upon binding ATP. Th...

A bandpass filter is designed using two end-connected quarter-wavelength stepped impedance resonators. The quarter-wavelength stepped impedance resonators are implemented by a half-wavelength stepped impedance resonator with its middle shorting to ground. Hence, the modes that the λ/4 stepped impedance resonator supports are the (1+2n)/4 which also occur on the branches of a combline. An enhanc...

In several recent models of invertebrate skeletogenesis, Ca-carbonate crystallization occurs within a liquid-filled chamber. No explanation is given neither for the simultaneous occurrence of distinct polymorphs of Ca-carbonate within these liquid volumes, nor for the spatial arrangement of the mineral units which are always organized in species-specific structural sequences. Results of a serie...

Stepped-care approaches may offer a solution to delivering accessible, effective and efficient services for individuals with depression. In stepped care, all patients commence with a low-intensity, low-cost treatment. Treatment results are monitored systematically, and patients move to a higher-intensity treatment only if necessary. We deliver a stepped-care model targeting patients with depres...

The method of maximum likelihood was used to evaluate the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) for selected chamber air dives. The parameters of two mathematical models for predicting DCS were optimized until the best agreement (as measured by maximum likelihood) corresponding to the observed DCS incidents from a series of dives was attained. The decompression data used consisted of 800 man-div...