Abstract The Taiwan orogenic belt is formed by the strong convergence between Philippine Sea Plate and Eurasian Plate. detailed mountain building process still under debated largely due to poor constraint of deep crustal structures, particularly geometry at Moho-depth. Here Moho-refracted P waves are identified from seismic data recorded a dense array (Formosa Array) in northern Taiwan. Althoug...

The driving mechanism that is responsible for the uplift of intracontinental mountains has puzzled geologists for decades. This study addresses this issue by using receiver function images across the Chinese Tianshan Mountains and available data from both deep seismic profiles and surface structural deformation. The near-surface structural deformation shows that the Tianshan crust experienced s...

We have recently been studying the case where have a training set T generated from an underlying distribution and our goal is to find some good hypothesis, with respect to the true underlying distribution, using the training set T . We now examine how to use online learning algorithms (which work on individual, arbitrary sequences) in a stochastic setting. Let us consider the training set T as ...

We present models for the structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath lunar impact basins from an inversion of gravity and topographic data from the nearside of the moon. All basin models display a thinner crust and an elevated Moho beneath the central basin region compared to surrounding areas, a signature of the processes of basin excavation and mantle uplift during collapse of the transi...

Many online services access a large number of autonomous data sources and at the same time need to meet different user requirements. It is essential for these services to achieve semantic interoperability among these information exchange entities. In the presence of an increasing number of proprietary business processes, heterogeneous data standards, and diverse user requirements, it is critica...

[1] Large igneous provinces are characterized by magmatic activity on two distinct timescales. While these provinces have total active lifetimes of order 10–30 Ma, most of the erupted volume is emplaced within 1 Ma in many cases. The longer timescale is consistent with plume or tectonic models for mantle melting responsible for flood volcanism, but the shorter “main stage” timescale is enigmati...

Residue Number Systems (RNS) allow the distribution of large dynamic range computations over small modular rings, which allows the speed up of computations. This feature is well known, and already used in both DSP and cryptography. Most of implementations use RNS bases of three elements to reduce the complexity of conversions, but if can increase the number of RNS modular computational channels...

Noun to verb conversion is a highly productive process in English, and is exploited regularly by English users for a variety of reasons. Previous studies of the phenomenon have concentrated on the formal issues raised by the process and have been theoretical rather than empirical. This thesis takes a corpus-based approach, and focuses on the use of noun to verb conversions in real language data...

[1] The Cenozoic rift system of Baikal, located in the interior of the largest continental mass on Earth, is thought to represent a potential analog of the early stage of breakup of supercontinents. We present a detailed P wave velocity structure of the crust and sediments beneath the Central Basin, the deepest basin in the Baikal rift system. The structure is characterized by a Moho depth of 3...

Guaranteed Annuity Options (GAOs) are options available to holders of certain pension policies. Under these contracts, policyholders contribute premiums into a fund managed by the insurer. At retirement, the policyholders buy life annuities at a guaranteed rate provided by the original insurer, or annuitize with another insurer. If the guaranteed annuity rates are better than the prevailing rat...