Scientific studies concerning the causes and consequences of biodeterioration stone monuments located at high altitudes in permanently cold, mountainous regions are scarce. For that reason, this study aimed to detect identify bacteria involved deterioration type monument. To achieve goal, we focused on most important archeological Inca site Ecuadorian Andes: Ingapirca’s Temple Sun, built approx...

The site of Kul Tepe is located near the city of Hadishahr, in Eastern Azerbaijan Province. It is an ancient multi-period mound, having an extension of about 6 hectares and rising 19 meters above the surrounding land. The second season of archeological excavations at the site, carried out in 2013, aimed at clarifying its chronology and its settlement organization. In the meantime it aimed at el...

undoubtedly, pottery is among the most important information types that can help understand societies and cultures better. despite introducing pottery known as sultān abād and its classification over the last few decades, very limited information has been published so far on the origin of its type and about archeological sites containing them. the main reason for this seems to be that container...

Charcoal remains from archeological sites are used not only to reconstruct the historical composition of local woodlands but also examine history human use wood. Nevertheless, key questions such as how and why people may have selected particular woody taxa locations long distances their habitat rarely been addressed. In present study, we analyze charcoal ancient Jingbaoer (JBR) jade mine in Maz...

This paper presents a review of data on metal production within the Kargaly mining district in South Cis-Urals and describes its relationships with beginning cultural genesis Iamnaia culture Volga-Ural region. The copper products have original morphology technology comparison those from Maykop center as well western centers culture. Raw materials for metalworking were sourced ore field, which i...

Abstract Shell disc beads are important archeological indicators of social communication and exchange networks. There has been substantial research on ostrich eggshell (OES) beads, but little is known about the manufacture or chronology similar from land snail shells (LSS). LSS associated with Holocene hunter-gatherers in Africa, though direct dates limited to Iron Age, there no images descript...

Abstract Hammerscale is the waste formed during hammering of hot iron on anvil. It mainly composed oxides (wüstite, magnetite, hematite) with a variable amount silica-rich component. This research focuses potential geochemical link between hammerscale and smelting derived slag inclusion contained in metallic iron. In frame previous research, smithing practice African Dogon craftsmen (Mali) has ...

khanghah gilvan cemetery is located in khalkhal, in the iranian province of ardebil. this cemetery came into light during a highway construction project in khanghah village. until now, three archeological excavations, under the author’s supervision, have been carried out in this cemetery that has resulted in burials from the middle bronze age up to parthian period.   among the excavated burial...