Transmission lines are usually suspended from steel towers and provided with one or more earth wires. Therefore the earth fault resistance during flash over on the isolators is only few ohm. In the case of rare arc faults, at mid-span, or during flash over to trees, very high impedance faults may result. Depending on the setting of the zones in R-direction, a maximum of some tens of ohms can be...

In this paper, the effect of the removal of a node or an arc of a fuzzy graph on the minimum strong dominating set of the fuzzy graph is studied. The motivation behind this study is the identification of fault tolerance in the topological design of a network. That is, the ability of the network to provide service even when it contains a faulty component or components. MSC: 05C69.

[1] The Longitudinal Valley fault is a key element in the active tectonics of Taiwan. It is the principal structure accommodating convergence across one of the two active sutures of the Taiwan orogeny. To understand more precisely its role in the suturing process, we analyzed fluvial terraces along the Hsiukuluan River, which cuts across the Coastal Range in eastern Taiwan in the fault’s hangin...